A Palladium‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheet with High Peroxidase‐Like Activity: Preparation, Characterization, and Application in Glucose Detection

Abstract

Herein, a novel palladium‐doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (g‐C3N4‐PdNPs) is reported. The prepared g‐C3N4‐PdNPs has a 6.7 and 14.0 times higher peroxidase‐like activity in comparison with pure Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets respectively, and can be stably stored for 3 months. The high peroxidase‐like activity make g‐C3N4‐PdNPs effectively catalyze H2O2‐mediation oxidization of 3,3,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine to generate a color change from colorless to blue under lower concentration level and shorter time. The g‐C3N4‐PdNPs can be used as peroxidase mimetic to develop sensitive and specific colorimetric method for the rapid detection of glucose in the serum, and to fabricate a simple and cheap portable test kit for instrument‐free visual detection of glucose in serum. The portable test kit possesses obvious advantages such as low‐cost, short detection time, tiny sample consumption, excellent specificity, and higher visual sensitivity. The visual detection limit of portable test kit is lower than the glucose concentration in the serum of a diabetic. Using portable test kit, the glucose in serum can be visually detected by bare eye observation within 30 min with only 30 µL serum consumption. The success of this study provided a potential approach for low‐cost and instrument‐free “see” diabetes in clinical early diagnosis.

Photoreactive Carbon Dots Modified g-C3N4 for Effective Photooxidation of Bisphenol-A under Visible Light Irradiation

“…Figure S2a; Supplementary Materials) demonstrated three bands at several binding energies of 284.6, 286.8, and 287.8 eV, reflecting graphitic carbon C-[C,H], adventitious carbon [44], the existence of C-NH [45], and C-(N) 3 group [46], respectively. The deconvoluted peaks of C 1s of 1.5CDs/g-C 3 N 4 into four peaks at 281.5, 284.6, 285.5, and 287.5 eV correspond to the graphitic carbon or sp 2 (N-C=N) [47], adventitious carbon (C-C), defect-containing sp 2hybridized carbons [48], and formation of C-O [49], respectively.…”

Graphite Carbon Nitride and Its Composites for Medicine and Health Applications

“…make enzyme sensors unavailable for a large number of applications [60] . Therefore, Jin et al [61] . doped metallic Pd into g‐C 3 N 4 nanosheets to prepare a novel nanomaterial mimicking enzyme with high peroxidase activity and based on this established visualization method to rapidly detect glucose in serum.…”

Nanoparticles as Emerging Labels in Electrochemical Immunosensors

“…Palladium-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C 3 N 4 -PdNPs) were also found to have outstanding intrinsic peroxidase-like activity [99]. This nanocomposite was used as label for the detection of saxitoxin (STX), a relevant paralytic shellfish toxin at pg/mL levels [100] (Figure 7B).…”