A “PAP” test for men?Male urethral smears as screening tool for detecting subclinical human papillomavirus infection

Omar, Rawhi; Choudhury, Muhammad; Fischer, Joel; Ezpeleta, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0090-4295(91)80203-j

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A previous study (8) found that the prevalence of HPV in males ranged from 3.6 to 84% depending on the population and the methodology used, while it is also known (9-11) that the highest incidence (63 to 84%) occurs in men attending clinics for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. There is a high prevalence (10-85%) (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) of HPV lesions in the sexual partners of women with genital condyloma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) as compared with the 10% prevalence found in the general male population (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<a name="home"></a>Infection with human papillomaviruses of sexual partners of women having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Rombaldi

Serafini

Villa³

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Epidemiological studies show that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are strongly related to cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). Unlike the case for women, there are no consistent data on the natural history of HPV in the male population even though these viruses are prevalent in males. We carried out a prospective study to assess the prevalence of HPV in males as well as the factors that determine such infections in 99 male sexual partners of women with CIN. The genitalia of the males were physically examined and subjected to peniscopy for the collection of scrapings which were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect HPV. Of the 99 males sampled, 54 (54.5%) were positive for HPV DNA, 24% of whom presented normal peniscopy, 28% presented evident clinical lesions and 48% isolated lesions consistent with subclinical infection. In the HPV-negative group, 53% showed normal peniscopy, 4% presented evident clinical lesions and 42% isolated lesions consistent with subclinical infection. The study detected a statistically significant association (P < 0.02, Pearson chi-square test) between HPV infection and both the mean number of sexual partners which a male had during his life and the mean number of sexual partners in the year prior to testing. Viral types 6 and 11 were most frequently encountered. The study shows that infection with HPV was frequent in male sexual partners of women with CIN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<a name="home"></a>Infection with human papillomaviruses of sexual partners of women having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Rombaldi

Serafini

Villa³

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The rates of HPV infection in these males were much higher than those in males whose female sexual partners did not have HPV-related lesions, and were found to be 50.0%-73.3% by peniscopy, 5,7,[9][10][11]13,31 8.9%-49.1% by cytological examination of the penis or urethra, 5,12,13 5.6%-44.4% in urethral cells, 14,15 13.0%-32.7% in urine, 15,32 and 20.0%-82.9% in semen 15,22 by molecular biological methods (Tables 1, 2). As these studies were limited in sample selection or examination methods, however, the rates of infection may have been even higher if the same individuals had been examined using a variety of methods.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hpv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…4 Cells scraped with cotton swabs or brushes from the penis and urethra are utilized, and this method may be a practical 'Pap test' for men. 14 Cecchini et al 12 reported that a greater number of cell samples were obtained with a brush than with a cotton swab, but that brush sampling may cause pain and impede subsequent peniscopic observation. It is also possible for biopsied tissue to be examined histologically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Is oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in urogenital organs of the male risky for both his female sexual partner and himself? Prevalence of HPV infection in males

Ichige

Kiyota

1999

International Journal of Clinical Oncology

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“…1 Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may be latent and subclinical, but clinical genital infections caused by HPV are increasing, particularly in young, sexually active people. The study of HPV in the genitalia of all normal males is difficult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of HPV in the genitalia of all normal males is difficult. 1,2 Studies have demonstrated that the presence of HPV DNA in the urethra is uncommon. 2,3 To determine the prevalence of HPV DNA in the male partners of HPV-infected women, we assessed the concordance of the viral group in the infected pair, defined as the most affected sites in the male genitalia, and compared diagnostic methods in men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

E‐cadherin expression in male urethral smears and correlation with PCR‐based detection of human papillomavirus infection

Tena-Suck

Alarcón²,

Rösl

et al. 2010

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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We performed cytological examination of urethral brushing to study aberrant E-Cadherin expression as a possible marker for papillomavirus in cytological samples. A total of 30 cytobrush male urethral smears were examined E-cadherin expression and human papillomavirus (hpv) was confirmed using PCR-DNA. The age range was 19-36 years (mean: 27 years), 17 (56.7%) cases corresponded to low-risk HPV and 13 (43.3%) cases were high-risk HPV. The mean age ranges were 25.77 +/- 5.90 years for high-risk HPV and 26.77 +/- 4.31 years for low-risk HPV. Pap smears showed dyskeratosis in 23 (76.7%) cases, koilocytes in 13 (43.3%) cases, infection or bacterial background in 14 (43.7%) cases, suggestive changes of Gardnerella infection in 7 (23.3%) cases, and Chlamydia in 3 (10%) cases. Immunohistochemistry was positive for membrane E-Cadherin; there was weak expression in 13 (43.3%) cases, moderate expression in 11 (36.7%) cases (P = 0.109) (Figs. 3a and b), and strong expression in 6 (20%) cases. There were a statistically significant correlations between E-Cadherin expression and koilocytes (P = 0.007), individual cell dyskeratosis (P = 0.041), and HPV risk (P = 0.000). We concluded that the loss of E-Cadherin membrane expression was greater in high-risk HPV cases and was associated with individual cell dyskeratosis features and koilocytes. There were statistically significant correlations between E-Cadherin expression and dyskeratosis (P = 0.043), koilocytes (P = 0.007), and type of HPV (P = 0.000). Using male urethral smears to test for the loss of E-Cadherin membrane expression is simple, rapid, specific and more sensitive than conventional morphologic observations. We concluded that E-Cadherin can be used to discriminate between high- and low-risk papillomavirus in urethral cytologic specimens.

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A “PAP” test for men?Male urethral smears as screening tool for detecting subclinical human papillomavirus infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

<a name="home"></a>Infection with human papillomaviruses of sexual partners of women having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

<a name="home"></a>Infection with human papillomaviruses of sexual partners of women having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Is oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in urogenital organs of the male risky for both his female sexual partner and himself? Prevalence of HPV infection in males

E‐cadherin expression in male urethral smears and correlation with PCR‐based detection of human papillomavirus infection

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