A parabolic wave equation approach for modeling propagation through windows

Noori, Narges; Oraizi, Homayoon

doi:10.1109/iccea.2004.1459279

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The modelled geometry should have a preferred propagation direction, with important physical phenomena not occurring at angles greater than 15 degrees to this direction, while the propagation media should be weakly inhomogeneous. Tunnels and other special geometries are best suited for the parabolic equation [45]. Wider application is made possible by relaxing the 15-degree constraint [46], [47].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Algorithms in Electromagnetic Propagation Modelling for Telecommunications

Novak

2023

IEEE Access

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Modelling of electromagnetic wave propagation in telecommunications has evolved from empirical models to highly deterministic ray tracing and numerical methods. The extraordinary computational effort of these methods and their wave nature seem ideally suited to be approached by quantum algorithms. We first examine current progress by reviewing recent proposals in the field. We scrutinize potentially advantageous quantum architectures, ranging from mainstream gate-level computers and nearterm, mid-scale noisy architectures with limited capabilities, to adiabatic and annealing approaches that are already in commercial use. We analyze the weaknesses and strengths of recent proposals. Beyond the core algorithm, mechanisms to bridge the quantum and classical worlds are of particular interest. Extremely diverse algorithm specifications, from those based on Hamiltonian simulations and emulation of variational optimization to the unconstrained binary formulation, are compared with the use of pure gate-level circuits and known quantum subroutines. We show that the graph Laplacian, given its ability to integrate boundary conditions, is uniquely suited for quantum propagation modelling algorithms rooted in differential numerical methods. Quantum computers could overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of classical methods for larger computational domains and, to some extent, address the problems of dispersion and stability in finitedifference approximations. The ability to express the solution of a problem as an eigenvalue problem turns out to be an advantage in the quantum world, where eigenvalues and eigenvectors are inextricably intertwined with quantum mechanics. In this paper, we identify the most promising techniques and scenarios that hold the greatest potential.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has already been applied to propagation problems, e.g., in small indoor environments [45], [46]. Since MoM involves solving a set of linear equations as part of the numerical solution process, the quantum HHL algorithm can be used in a similar way as for FEM.…”

Section: Quantum Methods Of Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Algorithms in Electromagnetic Propagation Modelling for Telecommunications

Novak

2023

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Modelled geometry should have a preferential propagation direction, with important physical phenomena not occurring at angles greater than 15 degrees from this direction. Tunnels and other special geometries are best suited for the parabolic equation [69]. Wider use is enabled by the relaxation of 15-degree constraint [70], [71].…”

Section: Other Full-wave Techniques and Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Numerical Full-Wave Techniques in Telecommunication Channel Modelling

Novak

2020

J. commun. softw. syst. (Online)

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In telecommunication channel modelling the wavelength is small compared to the physical features of interest, therefore deterministic ray tracing techniques provide solutions that are more efficient, faster and still within time constraints than current numerical full-wave techniques. Solving fundamental Maxwell's equations is at the core of computational electrodynamics and best suited for modelling electrical field interactions with physical objects where characteristic dimensions of a computing domain is on the order of a few wavelengths in size. However, extreme communication speeds, wireless access points closer to the user and smaller pico and femto cells will require increased accuracy in predicting and planning wireless signals, testing the accuracy limits of the ray tracing methods. The increased computing capabilities and the demand for better characterization of communication channels that span smaller geographical areas make numerical full-wave techniques attractive alternative even for larger problems. The paper surveys ways of overcoming excessive time requirements of numerical full-wave techniques while providing acceptable channel modelling accuracy for the smallest radio cells and possibly wider. We identify several research paths that could lead to improved channel modelling, including numerical algorithm adaptations for large-scale problems, alternative finite-difference approaches, such as meshless methods, and dedicated parallel hardware, possibly as a realization of a dataflow machine.

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A Model for Radio Propagation Loss Prediction in Buildings using Parabolic Equations

Magno

Valente

Souza

et al. 2006

2006 IEEE Ninth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications

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-This paper presents a model for propagation loss prediction in indoor mobile communications using parabolic wave equation (PE). The implicit finite differences scheme of the Crank-Nicolson type is applied in order to get the solution of the parabolic equation. The propagation is considered in 15 0 in the direction paraxial. To validate this model, a measurement campaign was accomplished at a typical five floor building of a university using a frequency of 850 MHz. The loss predicted by this model had a mean error of 4.69 dB and standard deviation of 3.85 dB in relation to the measured data.

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A parabolic wave equation approach for modeling propagation through windows

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Quantum Algorithms in Electromagnetic Propagation Modelling for Telecommunications

Quantum Algorithms in Electromagnetic Propagation Modelling for Telecommunications

Viability of Numerical Full-Wave Techniques in Telecommunication Channel Modelling

A Model for Radio Propagation Loss Prediction in Buildings using Parabolic Equations

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