Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is lifesaving for patients with cirrhosis; however, resultant financial burden to patients has not been well characterized. We aimed to provide a nationally representative portrayal of patient financial burden after LT. Methods: Adult LT recipients from 2006-2021 were identified using IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus for Academics—a large nationally representative claims database of commercially insured Americans. Patient financial liability (i.e., what patients owe) was estimated using the difference of allowed and paid costs for adjudicated medical/pharmacy claims. Descriptive statistics were provided stratified by financial liability group within 1-year post-LT. Multivariable logistic regression modeling identified factors associated with high/extreme liability adjusting for covariates. Potential indirect costs of post-LT care were estimated based on hourly wages lost for care. Results: Among 1,412 LT recipients, financial liability was heterogeneous—~3% had no liability and 21% had extreme liability>$10K for 1-year post-LT care; most (69%) paid between $1-10K, with 48% having liability>$5K. Factors associated with>$5K liability included older age, insurance/enrollment type, U.S. region, history of hepatocellular carcinoma, and simultaneous liver-kidney transplant (for liability>$10K). Medication costs comprised ~30% outpatient financial liability. Potential indirect costs from wages lost was $2,201-$6,073 per person depending on hourly wage. Conclusion: In a large national cohort of commercially insured LT recipients, financial liability was highly variable across sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; nearly 1 out 2 LT recipients owed>$5K for 1 year of post-LT care. Transplant programs should help patients anticipate potential costs and identify vulnerable populations who would benefit from enhanced financial counseling.