Operant research was never about counting key pecks, lever presses, switch closures, or keyboard taps. These easily indexed, convenient, sometimes arbitrary responses were adopted as a means to yield data that could tell us something about matters that were more grand and important than a relay pulse. The title of Skinner's (1938) seminal The Behavior of Organisms was criticized by contemporaries as an immodest overreach (Finan 1940; Hilgard 1939), but a more unassuming title such as "The Lever Pressing of the Rat" might quickly have relegated the book to dusty university library stacks and antiquarian bookstores. Instead, the book remains in print to this day 1 because it was big, bold, and brash, and set the occasion for a science that could and would handle anything the world might throw at it, taking us from rats to human behavior (Skinner 1953) and from lever presses to language or in Skinner's (1957) terms, verbal behavior. Other audacious extrapolations inspired by this work followed. A five-page paper describing the behavior of three pigeons (Herrnstein 1961) led to the matching law (Herrnstein 1970); a six-page report of choices by six pigeons (Ainslie and Herrnstein 1981) gave us the hyperbolic discount function. Both the matching law and hyperbolic discount function now challenge rational choice theory and the foundation of neoclassical economics (Herrnstein 1990) and helped usher in behavioral economics (Furrebøe and Sandaker 2017). The hyperbolic discount function spawned research in a wide range of topics from quotidian behaviors such as choices for consumer items (Fagerstrøm and Hantula 2013; Oliveira-Castro and Marques 2017) or employment (Schoenfelder and Hantula 2003) to serious social problems such as substance abuse (Green and Myerson 2019; Mitchell 2019). Indeed, work on discounting has become so sophisticated that discount functions can predict treatment