“…Currently two types of hole-cutting algorithm are available: 1) explicit hole-cutting method (P.G. Buning, 1998;Petersson, 1999;Borazjani et al, 2013) in which the user specifies the hole points through the inputs to the algorithm, e.g., user-defined surfaces which are needed for utilizing the ray-tracing algorithm, or 2) implicit hole-cutting methods Baeder, 2002, 2003;Liao, Cai and Tsai, 2007;Hu, Lu, Zhang, Liu, Yuan, Liang and Zhang, 2019) in which no user-defined input other than the flow solver's boundary conditions are needed. The implicit hole cutting methods work based on an iterative approach for comparing volume grid information and flow boundary conditions to find the best resolution grid.…”