Non-linear image processing is an active and growing area of research. Non-linear filters include well-known filter classes, such as rank order filters (median, min, max, etc.) and morphological filters (e.g. opening, closing). Rank order filters exhibit excellent robustness properties and provide solutions in many cases, where linear filters are inappropriate. Linear filters have poor performance in the presence of noise that is not additive, as well as in cases where system non-linearities or non-Gaussian statistics are encountered. Non-linear filters based on order statistics can suppress high frequency and impulse noise in an image, avoiding at the same time extensive blurring of the image, since they exhibit good edge preservation properties. They have found numerous applications, such as in digital image analysis, speech processing and coding, digital TV applications, etc. Median and other rank order filters are related to morphological filters. Erosions and dilations are special cases of rank order filters and any rank order filter can be expressed either as a maximum of erosions or as a minimum of dilations. Mathematical morphology offers a unified and powerful approach to numerous image processing problems, such as shape extraction, noise cleaning, thickening, thinning, skeletonising, object selection according to their size distribution, etc. In soft mathematical morphology the standard definitions were slightly relaxed in such a way that a degree of robustness is achieved, while most of the desirable properties of standard morphological operations are maintained. Another, relatively new, approach to mathematical morphology is the fuzzy mathematical morphology. Several attempts, which have been made to apply fuzzy set theory to mathematical morphology, have resulted in different approaches and definitions.In this thesis, a new framework, which extends the concepts of soft mathematical morphology into fuzzy sets, is presented. Images can be considered as arrays of fuzzy singletons on the Cartesian grid. Based on this concept, definitions for the basic fuzzy soft morphological operations are derived. Compatibility with binary soft mathematical morphology, as well as the algebraic properties of fuzzy soft operations are studied. Illustration of the introduced operations is also provided through several examples and experimental results. The proposed framework aims at applications where the benefits of fuzzy image processing and soft mathematical morphology can be combined (noise removal, digital TV, radar scene processing etc.).A decomposition technique suitable for any grey-scale soft morphological structuring element and its hardware implementation is also studied. The size of the structuring element in morphological image processors is usually restricted to 3x3 pixels. The handling of larger size structuring elements on existing machines is not a straightforward process. Moreover, applications such as textural analysis and granulometry require the application of successively larger size structuring ele...