A PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ALL METAL VIVALDI ANTENNA COVERING 3.0-18 GHZ FOR DF AND PHASED ARRAY APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Ultra-wideband antennas covering 1-18 GHz are required for Direction Finding (DF) and phased array applications in electronic warfare and communication systems. Several antennas such as Archimedean spirals, Log periodics, Ridged horns have been extensively used for ESM-DF applications. In this paper an all metal Vivaldi antenna covering 3-18 GHz is designed using HFSS software, and hardware has been realized. A measured VSWR of less than 2.5 over 3-18 GHz is obtained. Radiation patterns are satisfactory both in simulations and measurements. There is fairly good agreement between the two. Further parametric studies are carried out on the single antenna with side and back walls, and this design is optimized for VSWR of less than 2.5 over the band. This antenna is used in a linear array of 8 elements. For this array in simulations, scanned patterns devoid of grating lobes are obtained from 3.0 GHz to 9.0 GHz, and results are presented.

A Slot-Connected Cavity Design With Corresponding Equivalent Circuit Model Analysis for Fully Metallic 3-D Vivaldi Antenna for Wireless Power Telemetry Applications

“…The opening rate R and corresponding exponential taper profile are designed to define two points P 1 (y 1 , z 1 ) and P 2 (y 2 , z 2 ) by using the analytical curve tool of the computer simulation technology (CST). The exponential curve's starting and ending points P 1 (z 1 ,y 1 ) and P 2 (z 2 , y 2 ) are expressed using the line equation of the opening rate (R) [37]. Here y 1 and z 1 are two exponential points for the taper line where (1) represents the exponential equation.…”

Broadband all‐metal Vivaldi antenna with Rexolite inserted slot edge

“…The proposed antenna is compared with the other Vivaldi antennas in the literature in terms of dimension, substrate material, bandwidth, and group delay results, as shown in Table 2. The proposed antenna has superior performance to the all‐metal Vivaldi antenna in References [6,31] regarding the minimum and maximum gains, operating bandwidth, and dimension by length. Moreover, when compared with the referenced Vivaldi antennas in References [32–36], the proposed Vivaldi antenna has the highest gain at the lower operating frequency and minimum gain deviation according to the bandwidth.…”

“…The improved operating bandwidth version of the Vivaldi antenna, called the antipodal Vivaldi antenna, was proposed by Gazit 2 in 1980. In recent years, Vivaldi antennas are widely employed in ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), 3 microwave‐imaging systems, 4,5 and direction‐finding applications (DF) 6,7 . Furthermore, Vivaldi antenna arrays are used extensively in the electronic warfare, communication, 8 and radio astronomy fields 9–11 …”

“…Furthermore, Yan et al 16 have studied a Vivaldi antenna array to measure ice thickness that has 2–18 GHz bandwidth and up to 30° scanning angle. In addition to the mentioned studies above, grating lobe‐free, an operational bandwidth of 6–18 GHz, and dual‐polarized phased array antenna which consists of conical‐shaped elements has been proposed by Holter et al 15 Moreover, a single element metal Vivaldi antenna that operates between 6 and 18 GHz under vswr <2.5 has been presented in Reference [6].…”

“…In recent years, Vivaldi antennas are widely employed in ground-penetrating radar (GPR), 3 microwave-imaging systems, 4,5 and directionfinding applications (DF). 6,7 Furthermore, Vivaldi antenna arrays are used extensively in the electronic warfare, communication, 8 and radio astronomy fields. [9][10][11] In addition to the electrical properties of the Vivaldi antenna, easy production, low cost, and simple design process are the main benefits of selecting Vivaldi antennas.…”