A Parametric Device as a Nonreciprocal Element

Kamal, A. K.

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1960.287569

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Generally speaking, the use of time-varying elements in electronic circuits [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] as well as time-varying material properties [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] (usually, time-varying permittivity) for engineering wave propagation has been attracting the attention of researchers since the 1960s. These studies mainly focused on achieving nonreciprocity, amplification, and frequency conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Varying Reactive Elements for Extreme Accumulation of Electromagnetic Energy

et al. 2019

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Accumulation of energy by reactive elements is limited by the amplitude of time-harmonic external sources. In the steady-state regime, all incident power is fully reflected back to the external source, and the stored energy does not increase in time, although the external source continuously supplies energy. Here we show that this limitation can be removed if the reactive element is varying in time, properly modulated by an additional active but lossless device. We show that such time-varying lossless loads of a transmission line or lossless metasurfaces can accumulate electromagnetic energy supplied by a timeharmonic source continuously in time without any theoretical limit. We analytically derive the required time dependence of the load reactance and show that it can, in principle, be realized as a series connection of mixers and filters. Furthermore, we prove that by properly designing time-varying LC circuits, one can arbitrarily engineer the time dependence of the electric current in the circuit fed by a given time-harmonic external source. As an example, we theoretically demonstrate a circuit with a linearly increasing electric current through the inductor. Calculating the energy delivered to the LC circuit and the energy released from it, we show that a modulated LC circuit can accumulate huge energy from both the time-harmonic external source and the modulating device. Finally, we discuss how this stored energy can be released in the form of a time-compressed pulse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Varying Reactive Elements for Extreme Accumulation of Electromagnetic Energy

et al. 2019

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“…Later, these approaches were applied to realize nonmagnetic non-reciprocal components. In [45], the frequencyconversion characteristics of two semiconductor-diode parametric circuits with phase-shifted pump signals and separated by a quarter-wave transmission line was exploited to realize passive temporally-modulated gyrators and circulators (see Fig. 2(a)).…”

Section: A Permittivity Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Magnetic Non-Reciprocal Microwave Components — State of the Art and Future Directions

Nagulu

Krishnaswamy

2021

IEEE J. Microw.

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“…Over the past few decades, the research of temporally modulated systems has been discussed but yet to be fully explored [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Due to the instability of time-varying structures, the progress of wave physics was predominately made in the nature of time-independent systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floquet topological photonic crystals with temporally modulated media

Wang¹,

Tsai²,

Gao³

2020

Opt. Express

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We show that Floquet topological insulating states can exist in two-dimensional photonic crystals made of time-variant optical materials. By arranging the modulating phases, it facilitates effective gauge fields that give rise to topological effects. The band structures demonstrate the existence of topologically non-trivial bandgaps, thereby leading to back-scattering immune unidirectional edge states owing to bulk-edge correspondence. With these first-principle numerical results, we then verify the topological order for every Floquet band via Wilson loop approach. In the final paragraph, the possible experimental implementation for Floquet topological photonics is also discussed.

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A Parametric Device as a Nonreciprocal Element

Cited by 56 publications

References 2 publications

Time-Varying Reactive Elements for Extreme Accumulation of Electromagnetic Energy

Time-Varying Reactive Elements for Extreme Accumulation of Electromagnetic Energy

Non-Magnetic Non-Reciprocal Microwave Components — State of the Art and Future Directions

Floquet topological photonic crystals with temporally modulated media

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