A parametric investigation of the friction performance of PC‐ABS parts processed by FDM additive manufacturing process

Mohamed, Omar Ahmed; Masood, Syed H.; Bhowmik, Jahar

doi:10.1002/pat.4080

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Among all the 3D‐printing technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widely used method due to its simplicity to operate and low cost, which attracts much attention both from industry and academia 2,3 . At present, the researches on FDM technology mainly focus on improvement of printing equipment, optimization of printing parameters, development of printing material and application, among which material development is an important research direction 1,4‐6 . The feedstock material for FDM is required with suitable processability and good dimensional stability, such as acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(lactic acid) with improved printability and processability for fused deposition modeling

Geng

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widely used 3D‐printing technology due to its simplicity to operate and low cost. However, many engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC) with better properties cannot be applied in common FDM printer because of their poor processability and printability. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the most common printing material has the disadvantages of insufficient heat resistance and poor toughness, which limits the application of PLA‐based FDM product in more potential fields. To develop new material available for FDM, PC/PLA blend was prepared by polymer blending and achieved essential printability for FDM. Ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (PTW) was introduced to PC/PLA blend as warpage modifier and also had a good toughening effect. Thus, PC/PLA/PTW blend had been prepared as FDM filament with excellent comprehensive properties. The phase morphology of PLA changed from independent dispersed phase to semi‐continuous phase with increasing PLA content. Different from the injection molding samples, the morphology of FDM‐printed samples indicated that the PLA phase oriented in the same direction due to the tensile orientation of the filaments caused by nozzle scanning. Five printing modes were designed to study the effect of printing direction on mechanical properties and failure modes. It was proved that the adhesion between the filaments was weaker than the strength of filament itself and easily caused adjacent filament exfoliation, ultimately resulting in the failure. The work provided some referential conclusions contributing to optimization of printing strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(lactic acid) with improved printability and processability for fused deposition modeling

Geng

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…22 In FDM/FFF, the analysis of friction, as a function of the process parameters, is particularly important for the application of the technique in various engineering elements. 23 One way to describe the friction force or estimate the magnitude of the resistance of the relative movement between bodies, is through the coefficient of friction (COF), which can be static (ls) or dynamic (ld). 19,24,25 Some researches showed that the friction coefficient of the printed parts varies according to parameters such as: building orientation, layer thickness, raster angle, air gap, and infill density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,24,25 Some researches showed that the friction coefficient of the printed parts varies according to parameters such as: building orientation, layer thickness, raster angle, air gap, and infill density. 23,[26][27][28] The adjustment of the printing variables has an impact on the improvement of the characteristics of the parts, such as the smoothing of the surfaces-that is, reducing the roughness and the magnitude of the staircase effect 23 -and minimizing the porosity, 28 which generates a decrease in the COF. In addition, the parametric configuration can induce, in some materials, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and high temperature PLA (HT-PLA), the occurrence of the stick-slip phenomenon, thus generating greater divergences between the friction coefficient static and dynamic components produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the angle of the laid-up filaments on the surfaces on the coefficient of static friction between parts manufactured by extrusion-based 3D printing

Santana

Alves

Netto

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Three-dimensional printers, particularly the extrusion-based ones, are driving a global academic, industrial, and social revolution. The accessibility of the technology has allowed a number of enthusiasts and scientists to dedicate efforts to improve the technical properties of the parts produced. However, there is little literature on the measurement of the coefficient of friction, especially the static one, between a pair of printed parts. In this sense, an investigation was carried out in two stages, in which at first the static coefficient of friction was measured, through a simple apparatus based on the concept of the inclined plane, varying the angle of the filaments laid up on the surfaces of the two parts in contact. The parameter was analyzed at three levels—0°, 45°, and 90°—in components manufactured in poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate). In the second part of the research, a case study was carried out to test and validate the effects of the best and worst friction conditions on the behavior of the insertion force of snap-fit connections. The results obtained show a significant influence of the filament angle in the interaction between two printed parts. Combinations of contact with different angles decrease the static coefficient of friction, while faces with equal angles tend to increase the magnitude of the response, especially if the arrangement of the filaments allows a fit of the surfaces opposite to sliding. The static coefficient of friction of poly(lactic acid) varied from 0.12 to 0.38, while the static coefficient of friction of poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate) varied from 0.13 to 0.21. The responses of the inclined plane test allowed to predict the behavior of the insertion force and plan the design of quick fittings.

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“…As one of the most popular AM technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely used for polymer printing . FDM typically fabricates parts using environment‐friendly thermoplastic materials like polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and nylon, which are melted in the form of filaments and stacked layer by layer to fabricate parts …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling

Zhang

Chen

Mulholland

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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This paper studies the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum fiber-reinforced PLA composite (Al/PLA) specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The effect of raster angle (0°, 90°, 45°, 0°/90°, and ± 45°) on dynamic mechanical thermal property and tensile property of FDM-printed PLA and Al/PLA has been studied. The results show reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus in Al/PLA composite specimen in comparison with pure PLA specimen. However, the elongation-at-break increases, which is due to Al fiber with the higher elasticity and lower tensile strength than PLA. The addition of Al fibers improves the dynamic mechanical thermal property of pure PLA because of the good interaction of the PLA matrix with the surrounding Al fibers. Raster angle plays an important role in FDM process. All specimens printed with 0°raster angle show highest tensile strength and dynamic mechanical properties, while specimens printed with 90°raster angle have the lowest values. Fractured surfaces indicate that the failure of the specimen with 0°raster angle is due to breaking of individual layers, while for 90°raster angle, specimen fails under separation of the adjacent raster layers. KEYWORDS fused deposition modeling, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile properties, raster angle 1 | INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing (AM) technology constructs components layer by layer through a digital model. It has gained considerable attention because of a lot of advantages compared with traditional manufacturing methods. 1,2 Applications of AM technology are emerging in several fields, such as agriculture, biomedical, aerospace, automobile industry, machinery industry, and food production. 3-7 As one of the most popular AM technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely used for polymer printing. 8-10 FDM typically fabricates parts using environment-friendly thermoplastic materials like polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),and nylon, which are melted in the form of filaments and stacked layer by layer to fabricate parts. [11][12][13] A composite material is a material made by many materials having different properties. The formed composite materials have excellent overall properties compared with a single material. 9 Many researchers have begun to develop polymer matrix reinforced composites to broaden the range of materials available for FDM processing. Some selected materials are employed to reinforce polymer, like carbon, glass, Al 2 O 3 , SiC, metal, graphene, and others. [14][15][16][17] observed an increase in ultimate strength of 39% (from 26.9 to 37.4 MPa) and an 86% reduction in strain at failure when ABS was reinforced with 10 wt% vapor-grown carbon fiber. Ning et al 19 found that the tensile strength of 5 wt% carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced ABS composite specimen prepared by FDM was increased 22.5%, although the ductility of CF/ABS composites was lower than that of pure ABS. Zhong et al 16 added short glass fibers of different volume

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A parametric investigation of the friction performance of PC‐ABS parts processed by FDM additive manufacturing process

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(lactic acid) with improved printability and processability for fused deposition modeling

Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(lactic acid) with improved printability and processability for fused deposition modeling

Effect of the angle of the laid-up filaments on the surfaces on the coefficient of static friction between parts manufactured by extrusion-based 3D printing

Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling

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