A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America

Seiffert, Erik R.; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Fleagle, John G.; Novo, Nelson Martín; Cornejo, Fanny M.; Bond, Mariano; Vries, Dorien de; Campbell, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1126/science.aba1135

Cited by 53 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the same publication, Stirton (1951) exceptional record, however, is unique, and represents only a snapshot of the evolutionary history of New World monkeys. Although the primate fossil record has continued to improve (slowly but considerably) in South America (e.g., Fleagle and Bown, 1983;Fleagle et al, 1987;Fleagle, 1990;Flynn et al, 1995;Kay et al, 1998Kay et al, , 2008Kay et al, , 2019Takai et al, 2000;Tejedor et al, 2005Tejedor et al, , 2006Kay and Cozzuol, 2006;Kay, 2010;Kramarz et al, 2012;Marivaux et al, 2012Marivaux et al, , 2016aPerry et al, 2014;Bond et al, 2015;Novo and Fleagle, 2015;Antoine et al, 2016;Bloch et al, 2016;Novo et al, 2018;Seiffert et al, 2020), virtually none of the species and genera recorded at La Venta had so far been found elsewhere. Only one lower molar recovered in much more recent levels (Huayquerian SALMA) in Acre, Brazil, was tentatively assigned to the alouattine Stirtonia known in La Venta (Kay and Frailey, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent field efforts in Peruvian Amazonia have proven that the Andean foothills had great paleontological potential for highlighting the evolutionary history of New World monkeys. Although very fragmentary, the paleontological evidence recently gathered in this area of Western Amazonia has shed new light on the origin, emergence, and subsequent evolution of platyrrhines (Marivaux et al, 2012(Marivaux et al, , 2016aBond et al, 2015;Kay et al, 2019;Seiffert et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia

Marivaux

Aguirre-Diaz

Benites‐Palomino

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Evolution

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Many thanks to Masanaru Takai (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan) who kindly provided tooth casts of Neosaimiri fieldsi from La Venta, Colombia. We are particularly indebted to Anne-Lise Charruault and Renaud Lebrun (ISE-M, Montpellier, France) for µCT scan acquisitions and treatments. Thank you to the Montpellier RIO Imaging (MRI) and the LabEx CeMEB for access to the μCT-scanning facilities (ISE-M, Montpellier, France). We also thank Richard F.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia

Marivaux

Aguirre-Diaz

Benites‐Palomino

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that the ancestors of the Platyrrhini migrated to South America either on a raft of vegetation or via a land bridge ( Beard, 2004 ). Two possible rafting routes have been suggested, either across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa (then the Afro-Arabian plate; Godinot, 2020 ; Seiffert et al, 2020 ) or across the Caribbean from North America. The former would have the New World monkey ancestors sail on the south equatorial paleo current (SEC), 35–32 mya during the Oligocene ( Godinot, 2020 ).…”

Section: Primate Origins Evolution and Migrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of the Primate Hepatitis B Virus

Locarnini

Yuen

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Recent interest in the origins and subsequent evolution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has strengthened with the discovery of ancient HBV sequences in fossilized remains of humans dating back to the Neolithic period around 7,000 years ago. Metagenomic analysis identified a number of African non-human primate HBV sequences in the oldest samples collected, indicating that human HBV may have at some stage, evolved in Africa following zoonotic transmissions from higher primates. Ancestral genotype A and D isolates were also discovered from the Bronze Age, not in Africa but rather Eurasia, implying a more complex evolutionary and migratory history for HBV than previously recognized. Most full-length ancient HBV sequences exhibited features of inter genotypic recombination, confirming the importance of recombination and the mutation rate of the error-prone viral replicase as drivers for successful HBV evolution. A model for the origin and evolution of HBV is proposed, which includes multiple cross-species transmissions and favors subsequent recombination events that result in a pathogen and can successfully transmit and cause persistent infection in the primate host.

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“…This is sustained by a large number of taxa shared between Africa and South America, but also with other landmasses and especially India, including hystricognath rodents, anthropoid monkeys, afrotherian mammals, pipid frogs, freshwater fishes (cichlids and aplocheiloids), birds (parrots, hoatzins, phororhacoids), and lizards (geckos), and Malpighiaceae, Asteraceae, and Bromeliaceae among plants 52,[54][55][56][57][58][59] . Further support for this interchange includes the finding of several lineages of metatherians, anthropoid monkeys and hystricognath rodents in South America, indicating multiple dispersals between South America and Africa and vice-versa during the Paleogene [60][61][62][63][64] . As enumerated above, the evidence indicating a fluid interchange between South America and other Southern Hemisphere landmasses and India has been greatly increasing during the last years (see below).…”

Section: Litoptern Affinities and The Splendid Isolation Of South Amementioning

confidence: 94%

Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals

Chimento

Agnolín

2020

Sci Rep

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the Litopterna is an extinct clade of endemic South American ungulates that range from paleocene up to late Pleistocene times. Because of their unique anatomy, litopterns are of uncertain phylogenetic affinities. However, some nineteenth century authors, considered litopterns as related to perissodactyl ungulates, a hypothesis recently sustained by molecular data. The aim of the present contribution is to include litopterns and other South American related taxa in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis together with several extant and extinct basal perissodactyl ungulates. The analysis resulted in the nesting of litopterns and kin as successive stem-clades of crown Perissodactyla. Further, litopterns are not phylogenetically grouped with any North American basal ungulate, in agreement with some previous proposals. Presence of pan-perissodactyls in South America and India indicates that southern continents probably played an important role in the early evolution of hoofed mammals. The mammalian group Litopterna was coined by Ameghino 1 as a Suborder of the Perissodactyla, with the aim to include the aberrant Macrauchenia and its kin. Ameghino recognized affinities with the Laurasian clade Perissodactyla, a hypothesis sustained by some old workers 2,3. This idea was posteriorly criticized and refuted, and it was proposed that the similarities between litopterns and perissodactyls were acquired by convergence 4,5. In the same line of thought, together with xenarthrans and marsupials, South American native ungulates were considered by Simpson 6,7 as comprising the "Ancient Immigrants" Faunistic Stratum, coming from North America through a intercontinental bridge. Since then, the Litopterna weas regarded as an endemic clade exclusive of South America, with uncertain affinities to other mammalian lineages. In line with Simpson proposal, most authors indicate that litopterns were the descendants of "ancient ungulates" arriving at South America from North America by a land connection at the Latest Cretaceous-Early Paleocene 8-10. Recent phylogenetic analysis based on protein spectrometry and DNA analyses resulted in the referral of Litopterna to Perissodactyla 11-13 , in agreement with nineteenth century authors. The aim of the present work is to include representatives of Litopterna within a comprehensive morphological data matrix of basal ungulates and to test, on the basis of morphology, the phylogenetic results obtained by previous authors 12 , as well as to discuss the palaeobiogeographical implications of litoptern affinities. Results Phylogenetic analysis here performed is congruent with recent claims, based on molecular evidence, in which Litopterna is nested within Pan-Perissodactyla, as the sister group of remaining perissodactyls 11-13 (Fig. 1). The inclusion of Litopterna among perissodactyls partially returns to the old ideas of Ameghino 14. However, in contrast with the last author, and in agreement with Cifelli 15 , we also consider Didolodontidae as closely related to litopterns.

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A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia

New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia

Origins and Evolution of the Primate Hepatitis B Virus

Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals

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