“…In the structural designs of FHMs-PSSAs, the asymmetric structure is usually adopted to obtain greater load capacity and speed, but the inconsistent forward and reverse output performance is further amplified (Shao et al, 2020). From the previously published articles, the FHMs-PSSAs designed by a single piezoelectric stack only showed the output performance in either forward or reverse direction in most cases (Cheng et al, 2017a;Gao et al, 2019aGao et al, , 2019bHuang and Sun, 2019;Li et al, 2015cLi et al, , 2020aLi et al, , 2020bLi et al, , 2020cLu et al, 2020b;Wan et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2019aZhang et al, , 2020. To improve the consistency of FHMs-PSSAs forward and reverse performance, some FHMs-PSSAs adopted the structural design that two asymmetric stators were directly connected in parallel type (Huang et al, 2020;Li et al, 2017aLi et al, , 2018aWang et al, 2019a;Yang et al, 2020b) or in series type (Huang et al, 2012) on the mechanical mechanism; however, due to the normal pressure between the two driving feet and the slider, the other stationary driving foot adversely affected the driving performance as one driving foot was driving.…”