A paraxial schematic eye model for the growing C57BL/6 mouse

Schmucker, Christine; Schaeffel, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2004.03.011

Cited by 213 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…3), none showed increased fluorescence above baseline after the 8-s UV flash was extinguished. The ϳ24°UV spot used in our study was much larger than the optimal 10°spot diameter for mouse ganglion cells (Schmucker and Schaeffel 2004;Stone and Pinto 1993), which can greatly reduce OFF responses of OFF-center ganglion cells (Sagdullaev and McCall 2005). Thus, although our responses appear consistent with those reported by Briggman and Euler (2011) for spot diameter of 800 m, smaller spot sizes will be needed to demonstrate unequivocal OFF responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Imaging light responses of retinal ganglion cells in the living mouse eye

Yin

Geng

Osakada

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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This study reports development of a novel method for high-resolution in vivo imaging of the function of individual mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that overcomes many limitations of available methods for recording RGC physiology. The technique combines insertion of a genetically encoded calcium indicator into RGCs with imaging of calcium responses over many days with FACILE (functional adaptive optics cellular imaging in the living eye). FACILE extends the most common method for RGC physiology, in vitro physiology, by allowing repeated imaging of the function of each cell over many sessions and by avoiding damage to the retina during removal from the eye. This makes it possible to track changes in the response of individual cells during morphological development or degeneration. FACILE also overcomes limitations of existing in vivo imaging methods, providing fine spatial and temporal detail, structure-function comparison, and simultaneous analysis of multiple cells.retinal ganglion cells; in vivo adaptive optics imaging; calcium imaging AVAILABLE METHODS FOR EXAMINING the physiology of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have marked limitations, which are resolved by the novel in vivo imaging method described here.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Imaging light responses of retinal ganglion cells in the living mouse eye

Yin

Geng

Osakada

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The scaling factor of visual angle to microns was 31 microns/deg based on previous work by Schmucker and Schaffel that examined the paraxial model of the adult C57BL/6 mouse [18]. Work by Geng and colleagues confirmed this scaling ratio in the mouse by applying this model to image known structures in the living eye, the size of which were then confirmed by post-mortem histology [7,8,19].…”

Section: Image Desinusoiding and Registrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Imaging translucent cell bodies in the living mouse retina without contrast agents

Guevara–Torres

Williams

Schallek

2015

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:The transparency of most retinal cell classes typically precludes imaging them in the living eye; unless invasive methods are used that deploy extrinsic contrast agents. Using an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) and capitalizing on the large numerical aperture of the mouse eye, we enhanced the contrast from otherwise transparent cells by subtracting the left from the right half of the light distribution in the detector plane. With this approach, it is possible to image the distal processes of photoreceptors, their more proximal cell bodies and the mosaic of horizontal cells in the living mouse retina.

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“…The shutter speed was set to 1/1,250 of a second to ensure sharp images during fast eye movements. We assumed an eye radius of 1.67± 0.18 mm (the eye radius of a 100-day-old C57BL6 mice) (Schmucker and Schaeffel 2004), with resulting eye rotation measurement resolution G0.3°/pixel.…”

Section: Eye Movement Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine Receptor Deficiency and Its Effect on the Horizontal Vestibulo-ocular Reflex: a Study on the SPD1J Mouse

Hübner

Lim

Brichta

et al. 2013

JARO

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Inhibition is critical in the pathways controlling the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and plays a central role in the precision, accuracy and speed of this important vestibular-mediated compensatory eye movement. While γ-aminobutyric acid is the common fast inhibitory neurotransmitter in most of the VOR microcircuits, glycine is also found in key elements. For example, the omnidirectional pause neurons (OPNs) and inhibitory burst neurons in the horizontal VOR both use glycine as their preferred inhibitory neurotransmitter. Determining the precise contribution of glycine to the VOR pathway has been difficult due to the lack of selective tools; however, we used spasmodic mice that have a naturally occurring defect in the glycine receptor (GlyR) that reduces glycinergic transmission. Using this animal model, we compared the horizontal VOR in affected animals with unaffected controls. Our data showed that initial latency and initial peak velocity as well as slow-phase eye movements were unaffected by reduced glycinergic transmission. Importantly however, there were significant effects on quick-phase activity, substantially reducing their number (30-70 %), amplitude (~55 %) and peak velocity (~38 %). We suggest that the OPNs were primarily responsible for the reduced quick-phase properties, since they are part of an unmodifiable, or more 'hard-wired', microcircuit. In contrast, the effects of reduced glycinergic transmission on slowphases were likely ameliorated by the intrinsically modifiable nature of this pathway. Our results also suggested there is a 'threshold' in GlyR-affected animals, below which the effects of reduced glycinergic transmission were undetected.

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A paraxial schematic eye model for the growing C57BL/6 mouse

Abstract: The most striking features of the mouse eye were that linear growth was slow but extended far beyond sexual maturity, that the corneal curvature did not increase, and that the prominent lens growth caused a developmental decline of the vitreous chamber depth.

Cited by 213 publications

References 42 publications

Imaging light responses of retinal ganglion cells in the living mouse eye

Imaging light responses of retinal ganglion cells in the living mouse eye

Imaging translucent cell bodies in the living mouse retina without contrast agents

Glycine Receptor Deficiency and Its Effect on the Horizontal Vestibulo-ocular Reflex: a Study on the SPD1J Mouse

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