A part of cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia contain GABA or glutamate

Ito, Takatoshi; Iino, Satoshi; Nojyo, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.018

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…30 Other reports have also discussed tonic GABA inhibition on ganglionic function in the SCG. 13 Similar to previous reports, 31 we found GAD65/67-positive neurons in rat SCG slices ( Figure 1A), and GABA A Rβ 2 was expressed in both the cell body and axons of the SCG cultured neurons ( Figure 1A). However, the SCG neurons showed an uneven distribution of GAD65/67, similar to Wolff, JR's results, 32 indicating a feed-forward inhibition system inside the SCG.…”

Section: Gaba Inhibition In the Rat Scgsupporting

confidence: 90%

A novel sympathetic neuronal GABAergic signalling system regulates NE release to prevent ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction

Shi

Yin

et al. 2019

Acta Physiologica

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Aim:Overactivation of the sympathetic nerve may lead to severe ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, targeting sympathetic nerve activity is an effective strategy to prevent VAs clinically. The superior cervical ganglion (SCG), the extracardiac sympathetic ganglion innervating cardiac muscles, has been found to have a GABAergic signalling system, the physiological significance of which is obscure. We aimed to explore the functional significance of SCG post MI and whether the GABAergic signal system is involved in the process. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven different groups. Rats in the MI groups underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. All animals were used for electrophysiological testing, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) testing, and ELISA. Primary SCG sympathetic neurons were used for the in vitro study. Results: The GABA A receptor agonist muscimol significantly decreased the ATPinduced increase in intracellular Ca 2+ (P < 0.05). GABA treatment in MI rats significantly attenuated the level of serum and cardiac norepinephrine (NE; P < 0.05).Sympathetic activity and inducible VAs were also lower in MI + GABA rats than in MI rats (P < 0.05). Knockdown of the GABA A Rs β 2 subunit (GABA A Rβ 2 ) in the SCG of MI rats increased the NE levels in serum and cardiac tissue, RSNA and inducible VAs compared with vehicle shRNA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The GABAergic signalling system is functionally expressed in SCG sympathetic neurons, and activation of this system suppresses sympathetic activity, thereby facilitating cardiac protection and making it a potential target to alleviate VAs. K E Y W O R D Sarrhythmias, GABA, myocardial infarction, superior cervical ganglia, sympathetic nerve activity 2 of 14 | SHI et al.

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Section: Gaba Inhibition In the Rat Scgsupporting

confidence: 90%

A novel sympathetic neuronal GABAergic signalling system regulates NE release to prevent ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction

Shi

Yin

et al. 2019

Acta Physiologica

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“…Sympathetic ganglia were one of the first neuronal structures where the presence of the classical NTs, acetylcholine (ACh; Feldberg and Gaddum, 1934 ) and noradrenaline (NA; von Euler, 1946 ) was shown. Later, the presence of other NTs was described, like ATP (Burnstock, 1976 ), various neuropeptides that neuromodulate cholinergic transmission (Hökfelt et al, 1977 ; Dun and Karczmar, 1979 ; Jan et al, 1979 ), as well as classical transmitters like glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA; Wolff et al, 1986 ; Dobó et al, 1989 ; Senba et al, 1991 ; Ito et al, 2005 , 2007 ). In contrast to the known modulatory function of cotransmitters, the presence of two classical NTs in sympathetic ganglia does not necessarily imply a dual phenotype (excitatory or inhibitory) ganglionic synapse, since it has been reported that GABA, besides its synaptic function, has metabolic and morphogenetic actions in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the rat (Wolff et al, 1987 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation of Acetylcholine and GABA in the Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia: Functional Correlation

Elinos

Rodríguez

Martínez

et al. 2016

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Sympathetic neurons have the capability to segregate their neurotransmitters (NTs) and co-transmitters to separate varicosities of single axons; furthermore, in culture, these neurons can even segregate classical transmitters. In vivo sympathetic neurons employ acetylcholine (ACh) and other classical NTs such as gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Herein, we explore whether these neurons in vivo segregate these classical NTs in the superior cervical ganglia of the rat. We determined the topographical distribution of GABAergic varicosities, somatic GABAA receptor, as well as the regional distribution of the segregation of ACh and GABA. We evaluated possible regional differences in efficacy of ganglionic synaptic transmission, in the sensitivity of GABAA receptor to GABA and to the competitive antagonist picrotoxin (PTX). We found that sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vivo do segregate ACh and GABA. GABAergic varicosities and GABAA receptor expression showed a rostro-caudal gradient along ganglia; in contrast, segregation exhibited a caudo-rostral gradient. These uneven regional distributions in expression of GABA, GABAA receptors, and level of segregation correlate with stronger synaptic transmission found in the caudal region. Accordingly, GABAA receptors of rostral region showed larger sensitivity to GABA and PTX. These results suggest the presence of different types of GABAA receptors in each region that result in a different regional levels of endogenous GABA inhibition. Finally, we discuss a possible correlation of these different levels of GABA modulation and the function of the target organs innervated by rostral and caudal ganglionic neurons.

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“…Neurons that contain both acetylcholine (ACh) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) represent an example of neurons that contain more than one neurotransmitter; these neurons are typically identified via immunocytochemical analysis of the co‐expression of a molecular marker of cholinergic neurons, such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and GABA or a marker of GABAergic neurons, such as glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)65 and/or GAD67. This co‐expression has been identified in sympathetic preganglionic neurons (Ito et al ., , ) and in specific central neurons, such as starburst amacrine cells in the retina (Brecha et al ., ; Kosaka et al ., ; Vaney & Young, ) and cerebral interneurons (Kosaka et al ., ; Bayraktar et al ., ; von Engelhardt et al ., ). Co‐release of ACh and GABA has been confirmed in starburst amacrine cells (O'Malley & Masland, ; Neal et al ., ; O'Malley et al ., ; Santos et al ., ; Lee et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus that express both ChAT and VGAT in a double‐transgenic rat model

Saito

Zhang

Yanagawa

2015

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Although it has been proposed that neurons that contain both acetylcholine (ACh) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are present in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN), these neurons have not been characterized because of the difficulty in identifying them. In the present study, PHN neurons that express both choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) were identified using double-transgenic rats, in which the cholinergic and inhibitory neurons express the fluorescent proteins tdTomato and Venus, respectively. To characterize the neurons that express both tdTomato and Venus (D+ neurons), the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) profiles and firing patterns of these neurons were investigated via whole-cell recordings of brainstem slice preparations. Regarding the three AHP profiles and four firing patterns that the D+ neurons exhibited, an AHP with an afterdepolarization and a firing pattern that exhibited a delay in the generation of the first spike were the preferential properties of these neurons. In the three morphological types classified, the multipolar type that exhibited radiating dendrites was predominant among the D+ neurons. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the VGAT-immunopositive axonal boutons that expressed tdTomato were primarily located in the dorsal cap of inferior olive (IO) and the PHN. Although the PHN receives cholinergic inputs from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, D+ neurons were absent from these brain areas. Together, these results suggest that PHN neurons that co-express ACh and GABA exhibit specific electrophysiological and morphological properties, and innervate the dorsal cap of the IO and the PHN.

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A part of cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia contain GABA or glutamate

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

A novel sympathetic neuronal GABAergic signalling system regulates NE release to prevent ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction

A novel sympathetic neuronal GABAergic signalling system regulates NE release to prevent ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction

Segregation of Acetylcholine and GABA in the Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia: Functional Correlation

Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus that express both ChAT and VGAT in a double‐transgenic rat model

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