A participative system methodology to model pest dynamics in an agricultural setting

Abstract

PurposeThis study aims to identify the most relevant causal factors and the feedback loops of the dynamics between Tuta absoluta incidence in tomato crops and farmers' reactions to the problem. The authors seek to develop a conceptual model based on farmers' know-how to address crop damage by T. absoluta at a local and regional levels in order to determine how to confront this problem in the tomato-growing region of Sáchica, Colombia.Design/methodology/approachCommunity-Based System Dynamics (CBSD) is a participatory research methodology in which a group of stakeholders identifies relevant variables and the cause-effect relations among them which are then arranged into a causal loop diagram. The authors implemented this methodology in a workshop, focused on the farmers' insights related to the pest situation at the local and regional level, to achieve a causal loop diagram that explained pest dynamics and their potential management.FindingsThe relevant factors for the presence of T. absoluta, seen in the causal loop diagram, vary regionally and locally. At the local level, the pest impacts tomato production, farmers' well-being and their cash flow, while at the regional level, it affects market dynamics and environment and promotes regional coordination among farmers. Farmers propose product innocuity as a key regional objective. They also proposed establishing a planting calendar and census of greenhouses to control the pest throughout the region and the tomato supply.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the synthesized model could not be validated with the farmers due to the COVID 19 epidemic. However, the authors held sessions with experts to analyze each result. Second, decision-makers from the local government did not participate in the workshop. Nevertheless, the approach of the workshop was aimed at understanding the mental models of the farmers since they are the ones who decide how pests are managed. Finally, even though farmers showed interest in projects aimed at proposing area-wide, long-term and wide pest control strategies, there is a risk that they will not adopt the proposed changes, due to risk aversion.Originality/valueCBSD has not been applied to agricultural systems to analyze impacts from pests at the local and regional levels. The results of this study contribute to designing future interventions for pest control in the region, along with the factors which may turn out to be “side effects” or unwanted results. To design pest control interventions at a regional level, a sound understanding of the variables or factors that control the system dynamics at various levels is required. This study represents the first step towards that end.

Land-Use Dynamics and Water Quality in Andean Basins

“…Additionally, descriptions of the agricultural practices were provided by participants including the following: size of cultivated area, size of area dedicated to livestock, type of fertilizers used, management of soil acidity, soil preparation and planting techniques, rotation, pest management, products for direct consumption, and products for commercialization. All this information, together with climate information, was used to build an agricultural activities calendar [63,64].…”

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Sublethal granulovirus infections in the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta: transmission and population‐level effects

“…The larvae mostly feed on foliage, hidden in galleries under the leaf epidermis, or apical buds, but can also feed on flowers or forming fruits (Cocco et al, 2015). Farmers tend to react to the presence of the TLM with broad-spectrum insecticide applications, that reach up to 36 per cycle, as reported for Colombia and Brazil (Guedes & Picanço, 2012;Donado et al, 2017;Blanco et al, 2023). The overuse of insecticides to deal with TLM infestations has led to the evolution of resistance to most insecticide groups (Haddi et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2016).…”