A particle swarm optimization and block-SVD-based watermarking for digital images

Abstract

Abstract:The major issues in most watermarking schemes are security, reliability, and robustness against attacks. To achieve these objectives in a watermarking algorithm, the selection of a scale factor to embed the watermark into the host image is a challenging problem. In this paper, a block singular value decomposition (SVD)-based reliable, robust, secure, and fast watermarking scheme is proposed that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the selection of the scale factor. SVD is applied here on the nonoverlapping blocks of LL wavelet subbands. Selected singular values of these blocks are modified with the pixel values of the watermark image. Selected locations of these singular values increase security. In addition, the scale factor using PSO for embedding the watermark increases the robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed scheme. Direct embedding of the watermark image into the host image and the use of block-SVD makes the scheme faster. Comparative analysis with an existing algorithm shows that the proposed technique performs well during most types of noise attacks and removes the diagonal line problem present in the extracted watermark image.

BacterialWmark: telemedicine watermarking technique using bacterial foraging for smart healthcare system

“…11. All the PSNR values are higher in comparison with Reference 22 except for the rotation attack and Gamma correction (baboon). In Table 6, the comparison of PSNR (dB) values with other existing techniques are mentioned, whereas, in Table 7, the comparison of NCC values is shown.…”

“…Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to get the optimum scaling factor. [22][23][24] The following are the issues of the existing state-of-the-art literature survey.…”

“…21, the robustness is not high, due to which the scheme lacks copyright and the capacity is also low. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to get the optimum scaling factor 22 – 24 …”

Robust, imperceptible and optimized watermarking of DICOM image using Schur decomposition, LWT-DCT-SVD and its authentication using SURF

“… DWT, SVD, Region of interest (ROI) Host images of size 1024 × 1024: X-ray, CT scan; Watermark EC logo of size: 32 × 32 NCC, MSE, PSNR, WPSNR (Weighted PSNR) Salt & pepper noise, Histogram equalization, Gaussian noise, Sharpening, Average filter, Resize, Cropping, JPEG compression Analysis of the proposed scheme for color images shows that the scheme’s performance is better for medical images than natural images. [ 32 ] To provide security, reliability, and robustness against attacks and to get an optimized scaling factor DWT, Block SVD, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Host grayscale image: 512 × 512 Watermark grayscale: 64 × 64 PSNR, NCC, Normalized similarity ratio (NSR) Rotation, Cropping, Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, Histogram eq., Gamma correction, Salt and Pepper Significant improvement in imperceptibility and robustness under various attacks [ 33 ] This paper is proposed a significant region (SR) based image watermarking technique to design a more robust scheme against various attacks Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Random shuffling, Quantization, Block selection process Host images of size 512× 512: Goldhill, Lena, Man, Airport, Tank, Truck, Boat, Barbara, Mandrill; Binary watermark of size 32 × 16 PSNR, Normalized correlation coefficient (NCC), MSE, BER JPEG, Gaussian low pass, Histogram, Cropping, Median filter, Salt and Pepper, Gaussian noise, speckle noise, contrast Adjustment, amplification, scaling Significant improvement in imperceptibility and robustness under various attacks [ 34 ] The current state of web service composition research based on bio-inspired algorithms is reviewed in this study. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), and Particle Swarm (PSO) -- -- -- This study provides an overview of the research on bio-inspired algorithms in web application composition and points out future directions.…”

Imperceptible Improvement using Edge Area Selection for Robust Video Watermarking Using Tchebichef - Singular Value Decomposition

“…For the watermarking method to be more effective, many studies are designed to make more adaptive methods based on learning and optimization, such as research [7] using optimization techniques in determining the alpha value to embed the watermark. Next on research [8], developing embedding methods on the alpha value and two other parameters to determine the embedding radius, there is also an optimization technique by identifying the most optimal embedding region [9].…”