“…PSO has been shown to be very effective in optimizing challenging multidimensional, nonlinear and multimodal problems in a variety of fields such as signal processing [20][21][22][23], communication networks [24], biomedical [25,26], control [27,28], robotics [29], power systems [30], electromagnetics [31], image and video analysis [32,33]. It was inspired by the social behavior of animals, specifically the ability of groups of animals to work collectively in finding the desirable positions in a given area.…”