A partnership to reduce African American infant mortality in Genesee County, Michigan

Pestronk, Robert M.; Franks, Marcia L

doi:10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50256-x

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The focusing of these services on specific populations of need and through ongoing assessment and comprehensive community services may, at least in part, be the mechanisms that underlie these disparity reductions. Targeted MCH programs are needed that specifically focus on Black mortality rates and that can assure a reduction in disparities and not just overall mortality (35, 36). …”

Section: Conclusion/implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Public Health Delivery of Maternal Child Health Services: Are Specific Activities Associated with Reductions in Black–White Mortality Disparities?

Bekemeier

Grembowski

Yang

et al. 2011

Matern Child Health J

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Objectives To identify which MCH services delivered by local health departments (LHD) appear associated with reducing differences in Black-White mortality. Methods We used a time-trend design to investigate relationships between change in MCH activities provided by LHDs in 1993 and in 2005 and changes in 1993–2005 Black-White mortality disparities. Secondary data were analyzed for 558 U.S. counties and multi-county districts. Independent variables included the six MCH services provided by LHDs and captured in the 1993 and 2005 NACCHO Profile of Local Public Health Departments surveys. MCH service variables represented change in each service from 1993 to 2005. Control variables included selected LHD characteristics and county-level socioeconomic, demographic, and health provider resource data. Absolute change in Black and White mortality rates and changes in the mortality disparity “gap” between these rates in 1993 and 2005 were examined as dependent variables. Results Among the MCH service examined, prenatal care had a significant beneficial relationship with Black all-age mortality change and with reducing the mortality “gap.” Family planning services had a beneficial relationship with reducing the mortality “gap” for females in the jurisdictions in the study sample. WIC services indicated the most consistently beneficial relationship with both Black mortality and White mortality change, but these changes did not influence the mortality “gap” during the study period. Conclusions LHD delivery of family planning and prenatal care by LHDs appears related to reductions in Black-White mortality disparities. Implications of this study suggest the importance of certain MCH services for reducing Black-White mortality disparities.

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Section: Conclusion/implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Public Health Delivery of Maternal Child Health Services: Are Specific Activities Associated with Reductions in Black–White Mortality Disparities?

Bekemeier

Grembowski

Yang

et al. 2011

Matern Child Health J

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“…9 Previous publications describe REACH programs in more detail. [10][11][12] The purpose of the present paper is to highlight results from the Racism and Health Disparities Community Survey developed as one component of an overall REACH program evaluation. The REACH participant and general population-based survey was designed to elicit data on racism-related knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of community residents, and explore the relationship of racism experiences to selfreported health and pregnancy-related health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racism, Health Status, and Birth Outcomes: Results of a Participatory Community-Based Intervention and Health Survey

et al. 2011

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Many community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships address social determinants of health as a central consideration. However, research studies that explicitly address racism are scarce in the CBPR literature, and there is a dearth of available community-generated data to empirically examine how racism influences health disparities at the local level. In this paper, we provide results of a crosssectional, population-based health survey conducted in the urban areas of Genesee and Saginaw Counties in Michigan to assess how a sustained community intervention to reduce racism and infant mortality influenced knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of racism and to explore how perceived racism is associated with self-rated health and birth outcomes. We used ANOVA and regression models to compare the responses of intervention participants and non-participants as well as African Americans and European Americans (N=629). We found that intervention participants reported greater acknowledgment of the enduring and differential impact of racism in comparison to the non-intervention participants. Moreover, survey analyses revealed that racism was associated with health in the following ways: (1) experiences of racial discrimination predicted self-rated physical health, mental health, and smoking status; (2) perceived racism against one's racial group predicted lower self-rated physical health; and (3) emotional responses to racism-related experiences were marginally associated with lower birth-weight births in the study sample. Our study bolsters the published findings on perceived racism and health outcomes and highlights the usefulness of CBPR and community surveys to empirically investigate racism as a social determinant of health.

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“…There are 4 strata representing opportunities for prevention: (1) maternal health/preconceptional care (MH/P), (2) prenatal care, (3) newborn care, and (4) post partum child health care (Figure 1). Six peer-reviewed studies using the PPOR method to examine feto-infant mortality (FIM) and racial/ethnic variations in FIM throughout the U.S. have been published [5-9]. The overall FIM rate ranged from 9.0 to 12.7 feto-infant deaths (per 1000 live births plus fetal deaths) for studies that reported this indicator [5-9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six peer-reviewed studies using the PPOR method to examine feto-infant mortality (FIM) and racial/ethnic variations in FIM throughout the U.S. have been published [5-9]. The overall FIM rate ranged from 9.0 to 12.7 feto-infant deaths (per 1000 live births plus fetal deaths) for studies that reported this indicator [5-9]. Using various reference groups, the proportion of excess feto-infant deaths were in the MH/P category and ranged from 33% to over 50% of infant deaths [7-10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PPOR analysis also shows that the "Maternal health/prematurity" category (Figure 1b) contributed the largest share of the total African American FIM rate compared to other racial and ethnic groups [6,8-10]. Two of the studies indicate that nearly half of the excess feto-infant deaths among African Americans could be ascribed to the MH/P category, indicating that the best opportunity for prevention of over half the excess infant deaths among Blacks was during the preconception period [8,9]. The high excess risk of deaths in the MHP category has been consistent for African American populations across the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers to women's participation in inter-conceptional care: a cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundWe describe participation rates in a special interconceptional care program that addressed all commonly known barriers to care, and identify predictors of the observed levels of participation in this preventive care service.MethodsA secondary analysis of data from women in the intervention arm of an interconceptional care clinical trial in Philadelphia (n = 442). Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to Health Services (herein called Andersen model) was used as a theoretical base. We used a multinomial logit model to analyze the factors influencing women's level of participation in this enhanced interconceptional care program.ResultsAlthough common barriers were addressed, there was variable participation in the interconceptional interventions. The Andersen model did not explain the variation in interconceptional care participation (Wald ch sq = 49, p = 0.45). Enabling factors (p = 0.058), older maternal age (p = 0.03) and smoking (p = < 0.0001) were independently associated with participation.ConclusionsActively removing common barriers to care does not guarantee the long-term and consistent participation of vulnerable women in preventive care. There are unknown factors beyond known barriers that affect participation in interconceptional care. New paradigms are needed to identify the additional factors that serve as barriers to participation in preventive care for vulnerable women.

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A partnership to reduce African American infant mortality in Genesee County, Michigan

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Local Public Health Delivery of Maternal Child Health Services: Are Specific Activities Associated with Reductions in Black–White Mortality Disparities?

Local Public Health Delivery of Maternal Child Health Services: Are Specific Activities Associated with Reductions in Black–White Mortality Disparities?

Racism, Health Status, and Birth Outcomes: Results of a Participatory Community-Based Intervention and Health Survey

Barriers to women's participation in inter-conceptional care: a cross-sectional analysis

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