A path to precision cosmology: synergy between four promising late-universe cosmological probes

Abstract

In the next decades, it is necessary to forge new late-universe cosmological probes to precisely measure the Hubble constant and the equation of state of dark energy simultaneously. In this work, we show that the four novel late-universe cosmological probes, 21 cm intensity mapping (IM), fast radio burst (FRB), gravitational wave (GW) standard siren, and strong gravitational lensing (SGL), are expected to be forged into useful tools in solving the Hubble tension and exploring dark energy. We propose that the synergy of them is rather important in cosmology. We simulate the 21 cm IM, FRB, GW, and SGL data based on the hypothetical observations of the Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment, the Square Kilometre Array, the Einstein Telescope, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, respectively. We find that the four probes have different parameter dependencies in cosmological constraints, so any combination of them can break the degeneracies and thus significantly improve the constraint precision. The joint 21 cm IM+FRB+GW+SGL data can provide the constraint errors of σ(Ωm) = 0.0022 and σ(H 0) = 0.16 km s-1 Mpc-1 in the ΛCDM model, which meet the standard of precision cosmology, i.e., the constraint precision of parameters is better than 1%. In addition, the joint data give σ(w) = 0.020 in the wCDM model, and σ(w 0) = 0.066 and σ(wa ) = 0.25 in the w 0 wa CDM model, which are better than the constraints obtained by the CMB+BAO+SN data. We show that the synergy between the four late-universe cosmological probes has magnificent prospects.

Prospects for measuring the Hubble constant and dark energy using gravitational-wave dark sirens with neutron star tidal deformation

“…Xu et al [137] obtained σ(w 0 ) = 0.082 and σ(w a ) = 0.21 by using the full-scale Tianlai data, which are comparable with those of ET. Wu et al [56] forecasted cosmological JCAP08(2023)070 parameters using the combination of four promising cosmological probes, 21 cm IM, GW, fast radio burst, and strong gravitational lensing, and obtained σ(w) = 0.020, comparable with that of CE.…”

Prospects for Probing the Interaction between Dark Energy and Dark Matter Using Gravitational-wave Dark Sirens with Neutron Star Tidal Deformation

“…As a promising cosmological probe, gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens will play a crucial role in exploring the expansion history of the Universe; see, e.g., Dalal et al (2006), Cutler & Holz (2009), Zhao et al (2011Zhao et al ( , 2020, Cai & Yang (2017, 2018, Cai et al (2018aCai et al ( , 2018b, Chang et al (2019), Du et al (2019), He (2019), Yang et al (2019Yang et al ( , 2020, Zhang (2019), Bachega et al (2020), Borhanian et al (2020), Chen (2020), Gray et al (2020), Jin et al (2020Jin et al ( , 2021Jin et al ( , 2022Jin et al ( , 2023aJin et al ( , 2023bJin et al ( , 2023cJin et al ( , 2024, Chen et al (2021), Mitra et al (2021), Qi et al (2021), Ye & Fishbach (2021), Cao et al (2022), Colgáin (2022), de Souza et al (2022, Dhani et al (2022), Wang et al (2022aWang et al ( , 2022bWang et al ( , 2022d, Zhu et al (2022), Califano et al (2023), Han et al (2023), Hou et al (2023, Wu et al (2023), Zhang et al (2023), andSong et al (2...…”

Fast Radio Burst Energy Function in the Presence of DMhost Variation

“…There is no consensus in determining the type of FRB hosts. Nevertheless, the redshift of an FRB can be inferred from its unique host galaxy, which enables valuable cosmological applications as the localized FRBs accumulate in great numbers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; see refs. [24,25] for recent reviews.…”