A pathomorphological study of the sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin in Sprague Dawley rats

Nair, R.; Abraham, Mammen J.; Lalithakunjamma, C.R.; Nair, N. Divakaran; Aravindakshan, C.

doi:10.4103/2231-0738.84211

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…An apparent hyperplasia of epithelial lining of some bronchioles could be seen. Similar findings of lung damage during CYP toxicity have been reported earlier in rats where varying degrees of pulmonary congestion, haemorrhage, edema and focal areas of emphysema were observed in lung tissues (Nair et al, 2011). This could be attributed to the accumulation of ROS in the lung because of increased lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats

2013

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Alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYP) is one of the most widely used insecticides. It may become an air pollutant and adversely affect the health. The present study was designed to determine whether treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant, can be useful for the management of the deleterious effects of α-CYP on lung tissues. For this purpose, thirty two male rats were divided into four different groups (eight rats for each). Group (I) gavaged with corn oil (control group), group (II) gavaged daily with NAC (150 mg kg(-1) body weight), group (III) gavaged with α-CYP (14.5 mg kg(-1) body weight/day, dissolved in corn oil), group (IV) gavaged with NAC then with α-CYP 2 h later for 12 weeks. α-CYP significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pulmonary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) content in lung. It also provoked higher levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), lung interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hydroxyproline (Hyp) as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-К B) gene expression in lung tissues. Histopathological alterations in lung with congestion, cellular infiltration, necrotic changes and thickening of inter-alveolar septa were observed following α-CYP administration. NAC reduced the adverse effects of α-CYP on lung tissues and improved the histological architecture of lung since it showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on lung tissues. Our results indicate that NAC exerts a potent protective effect against α-CYP-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in lung tissues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats

2013

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“…Hence, these animals are exposed to cypermethrin residues contained in ingested feed. Many studies have shown the chronic toxicity of cypermethrin in some mammals (Nair et al, 2011;Bhushan et al, 2013;EL-Shemi et al, 2015). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, studies showing effects of cypermethrin on the reproduction of farm animals are very scarce, though many of them are necessary to better appreciate the reproductive toxicity of this insecticide used worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and Reproductive Parameters Impairment of Cypermethrin in Male Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

Vemo¹,

Kenfack²,

Ferdinand³

et al. 2018

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Cypermethrin is a large spectrum action insecticide, globally employed to control pests in agriculture and some human and domestic animals ectoparasites. This study aimed to evaluate its toxicity and reproduction impairment in male guinea pig. Forty adult male guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups and orally submitted to 0, 92, 137.5 and 275 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. The weight of the liver increased significantly, while that of kidneys decreased significantly in treated animals compared to controls. Serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALAT, ASAT, total cholesterol, prostatic acid phosphatase increased significantly, while the testicular total protein level decreased significantly in groups given the insecticide relatively to the control. The testes weight, libido, serum level of testosterone, mobility, sperm count and the percentage of spermatozoa with entire plasma membrane decreased significantly in animals exposed to cypermethrin with reference to controls. The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa increased significantly in animals submitted to 137.5 or 275 mg/kg body weight (bw) of cypermethrin compared to control ones. On the testis histological sections of pesticidetreated animals, immature germinal cells were observed in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Cypermethrin was toxic in male guinea pig and damaged reproductive parameters.

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“…In group 4, mild (+) parenchymal degeneration was observed. (5,27,28). Group 3 had less weight gain among the groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist JWH-133 deteriorates the liver toxicity induced by cypermethrin

2018

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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IntroductionCYP is a synthetic type II pyrethroid insecticide widely used for the control of ectoparasites of domestic animals and home pest control owing to its high insecticidal potential and lower mammalian toxicity (1). CYP shows its effect via the voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels in the membrane of nerve cells (2-4). There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting toxic effects on nontarget organisms in chronic exposure of CYP (5,6). Several studies have shown that CYP causes oxidative stress, biochemical changes such as increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); elevation in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a decrease in activities of the antioxidant enzymes (7,8), and histopathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration, enlarged sinusoid, vacuole formation in hepatocytes, pleomorphism in the nucleus, congestion, necrosis, hepatocellular hypertrophy, multinucleated hepatocytes, mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI), and increase in Kupffer cell numbers (2,6).Marijuana or cannabis, whose main active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, activates two G proteincoupled membrane receptors, named CB1 and CB2 (9-11). CB1 is mainly expressed in the nervous system and is less expressed in various peripheral tissues such as the heart, gut, liver, and in cells such as endothelial cells and adipocytes. In comparison, CB2 is largely expressed in immune cells, tonsils, spleen, and testis. Moreover, it has been observed to be expressed to a lesser extent in other tissues and in cells like hepatic myofibroblasts (12).Recent studies have shown the dysregulation of endocannabinoid system in experimental models of bowel, liver, and heart diseases. Evidence suggests that Abstract: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has a role in the pathology of some liver diseases. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used commonly for the control of pests and vectors, and for protection of foodstuffs. In this study, the involvement of CB2 in CYP-induced liver damage in rats was investigated. CYP was applied to rats orally at a dose of 125 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days. CB2 agonist JWH-133 was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 3 mg/kg bw per day for the last 4 days of CYP toxicity. JWH-133 deteriorated the liver damage induced by CYP. JWH-133 increased serum hepatic enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) in rats given CYP. However, it decreased lipid peroxidation. There were no differences in the levels of hepatic CB2 mRNA among the groups. CB2 receptors were expressed in a small amount in normal liver tissue. In contrast, the expression levels of CB2 in CYPtreated rats were increased in fibrocyte/fibroblast, bile duct epithelial cells, Kupffer cells, and mast cells. In conclusion, CB2 was upregulated in the liver exposed to CYP, predominantly in hepatic fibrogenic cells. JWH-133 enhanced the CYPinduced liver damage by receptor mediated and/or non...

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A pathomorphological study of the sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin in Sprague Dawley rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats

Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats

Toxicity and Reproductive Parameters Impairment of Cypermethrin in Male Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist JWH-133 deteriorates the liver toxicity induced by cypermethrin

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