A Pathway to Minimal Impact Wildlife Viewing?

Hughes, Michael; Carlsen, Jack

doi:10.3727/154427207783948847

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The theme park style facility in the movie enables mass tourists to see and experience animals they otherwise would not have access to. In this context, there is merit in constructing facilities that enable public access to rare and unique animals that would otherwise take considerable time and effort to view and experience (Hughes & Carlsen, 2008). Such facilities may function to focus tourism into a regulated, built environment where environmental impacts can be minimized or avoided.…”

Section: Tourism Product Development and The Loss Of Authenticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jurassic Worldas a contemporary wildlife tourism theme park allegory

Newsome

Hughes

2016

Current Issues in Tourism

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The movie Jurassic World provides insights into actual and potential future wildlife tourism theme parks and the associated visitor expectations. Movies can function as allegories that influence or reinforce public expectations through representation of certain themes. This letter considers how Jurassic World represents wildlife tourism. We highlight themes regarding extensive tourism infrastructure development; the human desire for close interaction with, and feeding of, wildlife; and the exhibition of rare, large, and dangerous animals as novel and exciting experiences. We note the desire for thrill and excitement can encourage poor consideration for the welfare of wildlife and the natural environment. We raise concerns regarding the influence movies such as Jurassic World may have on expectations for wildlife tourism theme parks and that such expectations need to be addressed and managed in the future.

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Section: Tourism Product Development and The Loss Of Authenticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jurassic Worldas a contemporary wildlife tourism theme park allegory

Newsome

Hughes

2016

Current Issues in Tourism

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“…Although, recent research shows social desirability has only a weak relationship on environmental attitudes (Milfont, 2008) the role social desirability moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour still needs to be investigated. Additionally, several methods should be explored to strengthen the relationship between intention and actual behaviour, such as incentives, memory devices, activity packs or email reminders (Anderson, Storksdieck, & Spock, 2007;Ballantyne & Packer, in press;Hughes & Carlsen, 2008;McKenzie-Mohr & Smith, 1999).…”

Section: Future Research Directions For Zoosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Persuasive Communication Theory to Promote Visitor Conservation Behaviour at Wellington Zoo

MacDonald¹

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<p>Zoos can play a key role in conservation by facilitating behaviour change in their 600 million visitors annually. However, while numerous articles reinforce the potential zoos have in influencing conservation behaviour in visitors, only a few zoos have quantified the impact a visit has on visitor conservation behaviour. In this thesis, I applied a persuasive communication framework to develop a conservation communication campaign at Wellington Zoo, New Zealand. My results make a significant contribution to the body of literature that evaluates communicating conservation behaviour to zoo visitors and suggest future directions zoos can take to achieve their goal of facilitating conservation behaviour in their visitors. In Study 1, I determined visitor perceptions of conservation wildlife threats and the corresponding actions that could be taken to alleviate these threats. Visitor perceptions were biased towards global awareness of conservation threats with less awareness of local threats, a condition referred to as environmental hyperopia. Furthermore, there was an expert-lay discrepancy in the perception of local and global threats and mitigating actions. Based on these results, two conservation behaviours were selected to advocate to zoo visitors. To determine the content of the message, I applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Study 2 to identify the variables (attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioural control) linked to behavioural intention. The variance in visitor intentions for bringing cats in at night and for purchasing FSC wood products were explained by the TPB constructs, with visitor attitudes and norms both strongly linked to intention. Past behaviour also played a role in the habitual behaviour of bringing cats in at night, but not the non-habit forming behaviour of purchasing FSC wood products. In Study 3, I tested which method of communication (signs or animal talks) was the most effective for communicating conservation behaviours. I also tested if talks and signs based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model, implemented after a staff training programme, were more likely to increase visitor satisfaction, relevancy, and elaboration, all key cognitive components that ultimately influence behaviour change. Signs were an ineffective method to communicate conservation messages but animal talks were much more effective in communicating conservation messages to visitors. However, elaboration did not increase after the training programme. This could reflect that the training programme was ineffective and a more intense training programme may need to be implemented in the future. It is also possible that visitors enter the zoo with an already high level of elaboration and attending a keeper talk is not sufficient to increase visitor elaboration above the threshold. Results of this thesis have implications for how zoo programming to enhance zoos’ abilities to foster conservation action in their visitors. Additionally, my results also have broader implications to the field of conservation psychology and provide insight for environmental communication community.</p>

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Ordering the Disordered Subject: A Critique Of Chinese Outbound Tourists as New Zealand Seeks to Become China Ready

Zhang¹,

Shelton²

2015

Tourism Analysis

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Currently, expanding Chinese outbound tourism attracts significant practical research effort utilizing various conceptual approaches in many countries. In this Review Article, J. Zhang and Shelton note that this form of tourism to New Zealand is notably increasing and the nature of the experience is accordingly changing from group coach travel to FIT. In their critique, J. Zhang and Shelton argue that despite the increased and careful scrutiny of both the tourism industry and the tourism studies academia on this development, most of the analytic effort (such as that on push/pull factors) is founded upon a dominant and unchallenged Western discourse around self and subject. They maintain that the term "subject position" might be a concept that is common across the broader social sciences but is uncommon in outbound tourism research itself. In this Review Article, the authors are interested in the extent to which, in a Chinese cultural setting, Western formulations of self and subjectivity are actually appropriate, and, they question whether "Chinese outbound tourism to New Zealand" indeed acts to produce the ordered subject. In this light, they critique the very demand that New Zealand becomes China Ready, and they contend that, before their arrival, the Chinese outbound tourist to New Zealand already will have been hailed by a set of subjectivities operating in China, which will act to significantly disorder their touristic performances. Thus, Zhang and Shelton suggest that New Zealand policymakers and tourism product providers must understand these multiple and discursive subjectivities, which are likely to be barriers for any prescriptive reading of the individual tourist. This review is thus intended to help both operational practitioners and field researchers realize that New Zealand-and, indeed, each and every large international destination-must produce compelling/relevant/satisfying supply-side subject positions that may profitably be mapped onto such individual tourists both before and during their visits. (Abstract by Reviews Editor)

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A Pathway to Minimal Impact Wildlife Viewing?

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Jurassic Worldas a contemporary wildlife tourism theme park allegory

Jurassic Worldas a contemporary wildlife tourism theme park allegory

The Application of Persuasive Communication Theory to Promote Visitor Conservation Behaviour at Wellington Zoo

Ordering the Disordered Subject: A Critique Of Chinese Outbound Tourists as New Zealand Seeks to Become China Ready

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