A Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia and COVID-19 Infection Treated with Remdesivir and Convalescent Plasma

Iaboni, Aled; Wong, Natalie; Betschel, Stephen

doi:10.1007/s10875-021-00983-y

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Microbiologic and clinical response of SARS-CoV-2 infected-patients to remdesivir and other treatments in immunocompromised hosts have been scarcely evaluated, especially in rare primary immunodeficiencies. Regarding patients with XLA, some case reports described treatment with convalescent plasma, alone or in combination with remdesivir and interleukin inhibitors 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . Intriguingly, some XLA patients were able to recover from the disease without the need for intensive care or oxygen ventilation, despite the lack of specific antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 relapse with remdesivir and neutralizing antibodies cocktail in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Palomba

Carrabba

Zuglian

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 relapse with remdesivir and neutralizing antibodies cocktail in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Palomba

Carrabba

Zuglian

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…However, immunoglobulin replacement therapy cannot protect immunosuppressed patients against pathogens for which antibodies are uncommon or absent in the immunoglobulin donor pool, such as the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus 30 . We identified 15 patients from six case reports 31–36 and three case series 37–39 . The COVID‐19 patients with agammaglobulinemia were predominantly male and primarily young to middle‐aged (range, 3–40 years).…”

Section: Primary Immunodeficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of convalescent plasma inCOVID‐19 patients with immunosuppression

et al. 2021

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In the absence of effective countermeasures, human convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19), including among patients with innate or acquired immunosuppression. However, the association between COVID‐19‐associated mortality in patients with immunosuppression and therapeutic use of convalescent plasma is unknown. We review 75 reports, including one large matched‐control registry study of 143 COVID‐19 patients with hematological malignancies, and 51 case reports and 23 case series representing 238 COVID‐19 patients with immunosuppression. We review clinical features and treatment protocols of COVID‐19 patients with immunosuppression after treatment with human convalescent plasma. We also discuss the time course and clinical features of recovery. The available data from case reports and case series provide evidence suggesting a mortality benefit and rapid clinical improvement in patients with several forms of immunosuppression following COVID‐19 convalescent plasma transfusion. The utility of convalescent plasma or other forms of antibody therapy in immune‐deficient and immune‐suppressed patients with COVID‐19 warrants further investigation.

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“…Several cases of atypical, unusually severe, recurrent or persistent viral pneumonia have been described in these patients (18,62,147,148). More recently, many cases of persistent SARS-CoV2 pneumonia have been reported, highlighting the importance of B cells in the defense against this virus (132)(133)(134)(135)(136).…”

Section: Xla and Ar Agammaglobulinemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral B Cell Deficiency and Predisposition to Viral Infections: The Paradigm of Immune Deficiencies

et al. 2021

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In the era of COVID-19, understanding how our immune system responds to viral infections is more pertinent than ever. Immunodeficiencies with very low or absent B cells offer a valuable model to study the role of humoral immunity against these types of infection. This review looks at the available evidence on viral infections in patients with B cell alymphocytosis, in particular those with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Good’s syndrome, post monoclonal-antibody therapy and certain patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID). Viral infections are not as infrequent as previously thought in these conditions and individuals with very low circulating B cells seem to be predisposed to an adverse outcome. Particularly in the case of SARS-CoV2 infection, mounting evidence suggests that peripheral B cell alymphocytosis is linked to a poor prognosis.

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A Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia and COVID-19 Infection Treated with Remdesivir and Convalescent Plasma

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 relapse with remdesivir and neutralizing antibodies cocktail in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 relapse with remdesivir and neutralizing antibodies cocktail in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Use of convalescent plasma inCOVID‐19 patients with immunosuppression

Peripheral B Cell Deficiency and Predisposition to Viral Infections: The Paradigm of Immune Deficiencies

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