A Pattern for a Secure Actuator Node

Orellana, Cristian; Astudillo, Hernán; Fernández, Eduardo B.

doi:10.1145/3489449.3490007

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…𝐻 5 1,3 : There is no difference between the average CPU usage 𝑃 1,3 and the CPU usage observed for 𝑃 1,3 − 𝐷𝐷𝑜𝑆. 𝐻 6 1,3 : The average amount of CPU usage in 𝑃 1,3 is not different from 𝑃 1,3 − 𝑀𝐼𝑇 𝑀. Table 4 reports the P-values of the Mann-Whitney U test and Cliff's 𝛿 effect size for energy consumption evaluation.…”

Section: Rq2: Impact On Energy Consumption and Cpu Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper describes an attack on industrial RF remote controllers, widely used in cranes in container terminals, as a misuse pattern. Cristian et al 6 introduced a design pattern for secure sensor nodes to describe the problem and offer a reusable, adaptable, and extensible solution. In this pattern, they describe a secure sensor node as a cyber-physical system that obtains, stores, and transmits data securely from a physical environment to another node or system of information.…”

Section: Iot Security Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have proposed various security patterns to encapsulate solutions to recurrent problems in the security of IoT. These patterns consider the secure design of IoT-based applications, accounting for their heterogeneity and complexity 4 , like the Personal Zone Hub, Trusted Communication Partner, Outbound-Only Connection, Blacklist, Whitelist 5 , and Secure Sensor Node patterns 6 . However, despite the availability of these security solutions, no exploratory study has compared the energy consumption and CPU usage of IoT devices when set up with different security patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding the Impact of IoT Security Patterns on CPU Usage and Energy Consumption on IoT Devices

Jamshidi,

Nikanjam,

Kawser

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Internet of Things (IoT) has given rise to numerous security issues that require effective solutions. IoT security patterns have been suggested as an effective approach to address recurrent security design issues. Although several IoT security patterns are proposed in the literature, it remains unclear how they impact the energy consumption and CPU usage of IoT-edge-based applications. We conducted an empirical study using three testbed IoT applications (i.e., smart home, smart city, and healthcare) to shed light on this issue. We evaluated the impact of six IoT security patterns, including Personal Zone Hub, Trusted Communication Partner, Outbound-Only Connection, Blacklist, Whitelist, and Secure Sensor Node, both in pairs and in combination (i.e., all patterns). Specifically, we conducted multiple penetration tests to first assess the pattern’s effectiveness against attacks. Then, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption and CPU usage of the applications with/without the implemented security patterns, aiming to evaluate the potential impact of these patterns on energy efficiency and CPU usage. Our findings demonstrate a statistically significant increase in energy consumption and CPU usage. Based on these findings, we provide guidelines for IoT developers to follow when implementing IoT-edge-based applications.

show abstract

Section: Rq2: Impact On Energy Consumption and Cpu Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iot Security Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding the Impact of IoT Security Patterns on CPU Usage and Energy Consumption on IoT Devices

Jamshidi,

Nikanjam,

Kawser

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• A Pattern for a Secure Actuator Node [43], describes how an actuator node performs securely on commands sent by a controller and communicates the effect of these actions to other nodes or controllers. • A Real-Time Design Pattern for Actuators in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems [44] defines a design pattern for an action subsystem of an advanced driver assistance system to model the structural and behavioral aspects of the subsystem.…”

Section: See Also (Related Patterns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 have been introduced in this paper. Our next task is to build the missing white patterns; we wrote a pattern for a Secure IoT Thing and its controller [11]; a pattern for a sensor node derived from the sensor AEP can be found in [43]; an ASP for the sensor and a security pattern for radar are in [3]. This means that we need to build security patterns for Lidar sensors and Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems, which will allow us to complete an SSF for sensors and actuators.…”

Section: An Ssf For Autonomous Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

Fernández¹,

Syed²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensors and actuators are fundamental units in Cyber-Physical and Internet of Things systems. Because they are included in a variety of systems, using many technologies, it is very useful to characterize their functions abstractly by describing them as Abstract Entity Patterns (AEPs), that are patterns that describe abstract conceptual entities. For concreteness, we study them here in the context of autonomous cars. An autonomous car is a complex system because, in ad-dition to its own complex design, it interacts with other vehicles and with the surrounding in-frastructure. To handle these functions, it must incorporate various technologies from different sources. An autonomous car is an example of a Cyber-Physical System, where some of its func-tions are performed by Internet of Things units. Sensors are extensively used in autonomous cars to measure physical quantities; actuators are commanded by controllers to perform appro-priate physical actions. From AEPs we can derive concrete patterns, a structure combining re-lated AEPs is an Entity Solution Frame (ESF). Both sensors and actuators are susceptible to mali-cious attacks due to the large attack surface of the system where they are used. Our work is in-tended to make autonomous cars more secure, which also increases their safety. Our final objec-tive is to build a Security Solution Frame for sensors and actuators of autonomous cars that will facilitate their secure design. A Security Solution Frame is a solution structure that groups to-gether and organizes related security patterns. This article is the first stage of a secure unit that can be used to design not only secure autonomous cars but also any system where sensors and actuators are used. This paper concentrates on AEPs and ESFs for sensors and actuators; that is, on the functional aspects of these devices.

show abstract