A Pattern of Age-related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

Introduction: Age related macular degeneration is a disorder of the macula most often clinicallyapparent affecting central vision and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the populationabove 50 years. The aim of this study is to determine clinical profi le of AMD in Nepalese presentingto a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu.Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The subjects included in the study were thosepresenting to the Ophthalmology department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospitalfrom July 2007- Dec 2007.The total number of individuals included in the study were 402 and totalnumber of eyes were 804.Results: AMD was observed in 5.2% out of 402 subjects of 40 years and above age group withprevalence increasing with age. The prevalence of AMD was 0.7% within 40-50 years of age-groupindividuals increasing to 2.6% in 51-60 years, 6.5% in 61-70 years and to 19.3% among subjectsabove 71 years. This study revealed that the prevalence of AMD in females was higher with femalepreponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. 52.5 % AMD subjects in our study had visual impairment with 6/24-6/60 vision and 15% had vision <3/60-PL. Our study revealed statistically signifi cant increased riskfor AMD with aging (p=0.00). Increased risk was observed in female gender and diabetics though theOdds ratio (OR) was statistically insignifi cant (p=>0.01).Conclusions: Prevalence of AMD in Nepalese presenting to Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital was 5% with female preponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. Aging showed statistically signifi cantincreased risk for AMD development in this study.Key Words: Age-related macular degeneration, blindness, Nepalese, prevalence

Prevalence and determinants of age-related macular degeneration in the 50 years and older population: A hospital based study in Maharashtra, India

“…[6] The proportion of early and late ARMD was 5.1% and 0.34% in South Korea. [12] The magnitude of late ARMD of Korea matched with results of our study. It is postulated by Kawasaki et al .…”

“…In view of the difference in age groups and target populations, varying ARMD proportion should be interpreted with caution. [712131415161718192021] The denominator used for calculating the proportion of ARMD was the number of eye patients of same age group attending our hospital during the study period. Patients from rural areas coming for cataract surgery would have dense lens opacities and could not be examined to evaluate posterior segment.…”

“…This was also observed in other studies. [71213141516171819202122] The comparison of ARMD in the younger and the older age group should be done with caution as mortality in the older age group with ARMD (significantly associated with smoking) is higher. [22] Hence the older age group may artificially show lower proportions of ARMD.…”

“…[126] Both hypertension and body mass index (BMI) were not associated with ARMD in USA. [15] In our study also, we could not find a significant association of hypertension with ARMD.…”

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Workflow of literature screen and review was shown in Figure 1 . In addition, to provide a better understanding in diabetes as an independent risk factor for AMD, fourteen studies that presented diabetes as a covariate and provided ORs/RRs/HRs from baseline data without any adjustment were excluded, involving 12 cross-sectional [11] , [15] , [17] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] and 2 case-control studies [37] , [38] . The 24 articles included 1858350 participants in 27 independent study populations, comprising 7 cohort studies [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , 9 cross-sectional studies [9] , [14] , [16] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , and 11 case-control studies [12] , [13] , [36] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] .…”