A Pay Scale of Their Own: Gender Differences in Performance Pay

The Global Distribution of College Graduate Quality

“…Previous research has used the Glassdoor database primarily to study earnings patterns within the United States. This research documents that the mean and variance of earnings by industry, region, and occupation are highly correlated (coefficient 0.8-0.9) with the same statistics in representative datasets, including the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, the American Community Survey, and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (Karabarbounis & Pinto, 2018;Sockin & Sockin, 2019b). This work provides reassurance that the data capture key features of the U.S. labor market.…”

“…Our estimate is based on the rankings of the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), one of the more widely used proxy-based rankings. We find that graduates of 3 A small set of previous papers has used Glassdoor data from the United States to study variable pay, the pass-through of firm-level shocks to worker compensation, the importance of firms' non-wage amenities, and the effects of employer collusion (Sockin & Sockin, 2019bGadgil & Sockin, 2020;Sockin, 2022;Gibson, 2021). As far as we know, this paper is the first to utilize educational data or data from outside the United States.…”

“…Our main results are quantitatively very similar, although we cover fewer colleges and fewer countries because Glassdoor has expanded rapidly since then.12 Our concern here is measurement error, as variable pay is reported imprecisely for workers paid on an hourly or monthly basis. While more than one-third of U.S. workers(Lemieux et al, 2009) and 22-55 percent of salaried workers in Glassdoor abroad(Sockin & Sockin, 2019b) report earning variable income,Sockin & Sockin (2019a) estimate that variable pay accounts for 4-7 percent of labor earnings.13 In descending order of share of migrants: United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, India, Australia, Ireland, Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, and France.…”

Non-Disclosure Agreements and Externalities from Silence

“…According to data from the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED), California raised the state minimum wage from $11.00 in 2018 to $12.00 in 2019, New Jersey raised the state minimum wage from $8.60 in 2018 to $10.00 in 2019, and Illinois raised the state minimum wage from $8.25 in 2019 to $10.00 in 2020.24 Other works have found Glassdoor pay data to be representative within industries and occupations Karabarbounis and Pinto (2019). show the data broadly match first and second moments by industry and region using the Quarterly Census for Employment and Wages and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, whileSockin and Sockin (2019) find correlations of about 0.9 and 0.8 for the first and second moments, respectively, by industry and three-digit occupation using the American Community Survey.…”

Gender Differences in Negotiation: Can Interventions Reduce the Gap?

“…A recent study by Sockin & Sockin (2023) explores the impact of SHBs on both base and variable pay. Using data from an online labor platform, Glassdoor.com, they restrict attention to full-time salaried private sector workers who are not self-employed.…”