A pediatric twin study of brain morphometry

Wallace, Gregory L.; Schmitt, J. Eric; Lenroot, Rhoshel; Viding, Essi; Ordaz, Sarah J.; Rosenthal, Michael; Molloy, Elizabeth; Clasen, Liv S.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Neale, Michael C.; Giedd, Jay N.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01676.x

Cited by 147 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our data are in line with heritability estimates of global brain volumes in adults [Baaré et al, 2001;Carmelli et al, 1998;Geschwind et al. 2002;Pfefferbaum et al, 2000;Posthuma and Boomsma, 2000;Wright et al, 2002] and with a pediatric sample in which a considerable part of the children had already entered adolescence [Wallace et al, 2006]. When the findings of these studies are combined, one might speculate that the genetic factors contributing to overall brain volume remain stable throughout life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To allow a straightforward comparison with other studies [Baaré et al, 2001;Wallace et al, 2006;Wright et al, 2002], nontransformed ventricle volumes were analyzed as well. Consistent with these earlier studies, substantial influences of C (64%) and E (36%) were found for untransformed ventricle volumes, whereas additive genetic effects were estimated at 0%.…”

Section: Influences Of Genes On Variation In Brain Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…White matter density showed a high heritability in the occipitofrontal fascicles, corpus callosum, optic radiation, and corticospinal tract [Hulshoff Pol et al, 2006]. Recently, in a sample of twins between 5 and 19 years of age, a high heritability of most global brain volumes [Schmitt et al, 2007;Wallace et al, 2006] and a high heritability of frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical thickness was found [Lenroot et al, 2009]. Both studies also demonstrated that heritability of brain structures changed with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Heritability of regional and global brain structure at the onset of puberty: A magnetic resonance imaging study in 9‐year‐old twin pairs

Peper

Schnack

Brouwer

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

170

139

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Puberty represents the phase of sexual maturity, signaling the change from childhood into adulthood. During childhood and adolescence, prominent changes take place in the brain. Recently, variation in frontal, temporal, and parietal areas was found to be under varying genetic control between 5 and 19 years of age. However, at the onset of puberty, the extent to which variation in brain structures is influenced by genetic factors (heritability) is not known. Moreover, whether a direct link between human pubertal development and brain structure exists has not been studied. Here, we studied the heritability of brain structures at 9 years of age in 107 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs (N 5 210 individuals) using volumetric MRI and voxel-based morphometry. Children showing the first signs of secondary sexual characteristics (N 5 47 individuals) were compared with children without these signs, based on Tanner-stages. High heritabilities of intracranial, total brain, cerebellum, and gray and white matter volumes (up to 91%) were found. Regionally, the posterior fronto-occipital, corpus callosum, and superior longitudinal fascicles (up to 93%), and the amygdala, superior frontal and middle temporal cortices (up to 83%) were significantly heritable. The onset of secondary sexual characteristics of puberty was associated with decreased frontal and parietal gray matter densities. Thus, in 9-year-old children, global brain volumes, white matter density in fronto-occipital and superior longitudinal fascicles, and gray matter density of (pre-)frontal and temporal areas are highly heritable. Pubertal development may be directly involved in the decreases in gray matter areas that accompany the transition of our brains from childhood into adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Influences Of Genes On Variation In Brain Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heritability of regional and global brain structure at the onset of puberty: A magnetic resonance imaging study in 9‐year‐old twin pairs

Peper

Schnack

Brouwer

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

170

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Heritability of brain volumes was previously reported from a subset of this sample [Wallace et al, 2006] (MRI data from 86 of the MZ twin pairs, 37 of the DZ twin pair, and 153 of the singletons reported here were included in the previous study). Parents of prospective participants were interviewed by phone and asked to report their child's health, developmental, and educational history.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It has been known for over a decade that brain size in adults is highly heritable [Baare et al, 2001;Geschwind et al, 2002;Reveley et al, 1984;Tramo et al, 1998;White et al, 2002]. More recent studies have demonstrated that differences in brain size between children are also strongly influenced by genetic factors [Pennington et al, 2000] and that heritability of gray and white matter volumes changes over childhood and adolescence [Wallace et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in genetic and environmental influences on the human cerebral cortex associated with development during childhood and adolescence

Lenroot

Schmitt

Ordaz

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

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308

260

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In this report, we present the first regional quantitative analysis of age-related differences in the heritability of cortical thickness using anatomic MRI with a large pediatric sample of twins, twin siblings, and singletons (n 5 600, mean age 11.1 years, range 5-19). Regions of primary sensory and motor cortex, which develop earlier, both phylogenetically and ontologically, show relatively greater genetic effects earlier in childhood. Later developing regions within the dorsal prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes conversely show increasingly prominent genetic effects with maturation. The observation that regions associated with complex cognitive processes such as language, tool use, and executive function are more heritable in adolescents than children is consistent with previous studies showing that IQ becomes increasingly heritable with maturity(Plomin et al. [1997]: Psychol Sci 8:442-447). These results suggest that both the specific cortical region and the age of the population should be taken into account when using cortical thickness as an intermediate phenotype to link genes, environment, and behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 30: [163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] 2009. V V C 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Association of a Schizophrenia-Risk Nonsynonymous Variant With Putamen Volume in Adolescents

et al. 2019

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Key Points Question Is there any genetic variant associated with adolescent brain development that can inform psychopathology of schizophrenia? Findings In this imaging genetics study of brain structure, a significant association between a missense mutation in SLC39A8 (a gene previously associated with schizophrenia) and gray matter volume in putamen was discovered and replicated using 10 411 healthy participants from 5 independent studies. Compared with healthy control individuals, such association was significantly weakened in both patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings. Meaning Common genetic variant indicates an involvement of neuronal ion transport in both pathophysiology of schizophrenia and structural development of putamen.

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A pediatric twin study of brain morphometry

Abstract: Understanding the relative contributions of genetic and nongenetic factors on developmental brain trajectories may have implications for better understanding brain-based disorders and typical cognitive development.

Cited by 147 publications

References 22 publications

Heritability of regional and global brain structure at the onset of puberty: A magnetic resonance imaging study in 9‐year‐old twin pairs

Heritability of regional and global brain structure at the onset of puberty: A magnetic resonance imaging study in 9‐year‐old twin pairs

Differences in genetic and environmental influences on the human cerebral cortex associated with development during childhood and adolescence

Association of a Schizophrenia-Risk Nonsynonymous Variant With Putamen Volume in Adolescents

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