A performance survey on deflection routing techniques for OBS networks

Pedrola, Oscar; Rumley, Sébastien; Careglio, Davide; Klinkowski, Mirosław; Pedroso, Pedro; Sole-Pareta, J.; Gaumier, Christian

doi:10.1109/icton.2009.5185008

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…5 via (9) and solve for its steady-state probabilities z ðnÞ l ; 1 6 n 6 N; 1 6 l < M 3. Write P SPOW;ðnÞ loss through (10) for each n; 1 6 n 6 N, and then obtain the overall loss probability P SPOW loss via (11). If the normalized difference between two successive values of P SPOW loss is less than a given parameter e, exit the loop 4.…”

Section: Complexity Evaluation and Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contention can be resolved either in: wavelength domain by wavelength converters (WC) which allows wavelength shifting inside the switch to solve contention by forwarding the packet in a free output wavelength channel [9,10]; time domain by fiber delay lines (FDLs) which allows packet delay so that the packet is forwarded when the output channel will be available [4]; space domain by deflection routing for which some of the contending packets are sent over an alternative path [11]. We refer the reader to Yao et al [12] for a unified study of contention resolution schemes in optical packet-switched networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared-per-wavelength asynchronous optical packet switching: A comparative analysis

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tThis paper compares four different architectures for sharing wavelength converters in asynchronous optical packet switches with variable-length packets. The first two architectures are the well-known shared-per-node (SPN) and shared-per-link (SPL) architectures, while the other two are the shared-per-input-wavelength (SPIW) architecture, recently proposed as an optical switch architecture in synchronous context only, which is extended here to the asynchronous scenario, and an original scheme called shared-per-output-wavelength (SPOW) architecture that we propose in the current article. We introduce novel analytical models to evaluate packet loss probabilities for SPIW and SPOW architectures in asynchronous context based on Markov chains and fixed-point iterations for the particular scenario of Poisson input traffic and exponentially distributed packet lengths. The models also account for unbalanced traffic whose impact is thoroughly studied. These models are validated by comparison with simulations which demonstrate that they are remarkably accurate. In terms of performance, the SPOW scheme provides blocking performance very close to the SPN scheme while maintaining almost the same complexity of the space switch, and employing less expensive wavelength converters. On the other hand, the SPIW scheme allows less complexity in terms of number of optical gates required, while it substantially outperforms the widely accepted SPL scheme. The authors therefore believe that the SPIW and SPOW schemes are promising alternatives to the conventional SPN and SPL schemes for the implementation of next-generation optical packet switching systems.

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Section: Complexity Evaluation and Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared-per-wavelength asynchronous optical packet switching: A comparative analysis

et al. 2010

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“…There are mainly four methods for solving the wavelength contention problem: i) using Fiber Delay Lines (FDLs) to delay the blocked burst until there is an idle wavelength for transmission; ii) wavelength conversion when contention exists at the intermediate node [67]; iii) burst segmentation method which segments the burst into two part with one part being dropped or forwarded on an alternate path, while the other part forwarded on the primary path [68]; iv) deflection routing where only one burst is routed to its primary route while other bursts are switched to alternate routes. Due to the fact that the optical devices, such as FDLs and optical circuit, are not mature, which hinder the application of the first three methods, the deflection routing method is the hottest directions for solving wavelength contention in OBS networks [69] [70].…”

Section: Reinforcement Learning-based Deflection Routing In Obsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning for intelligent optical networks: A comprehensive survey

Yang

2020

Journal of Network and Computer Applications

108

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With the rapid development of Internet and communication systems, both in services and technologies, communication networks have been suffering increasing complexity. It is imperative to improve intelligence in communication network, and several aspects have been incorporating with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).Optical network, which plays an important role both in core and access network in communication networks, also faces great challenges of system complexity and the requirement of manual operations. To overcome the current limitations and address the issues of future optical networks, it is essential to deploy more intelligence capability to enable autonomous and flexible network operations. ML techniques are proved to have superiority on solving complex problems; and thus recently, ML techniques have been used for many optical network applications.In this paper, a detailed survey of existing applications of ML for intelligent optical networks is presented. The applications of ML are classified in terms of their use cases, which are categorized into optical network control and resource management, and optical networks monitoring and survivability. The use cases are analyzed and compared according to the used ML techniques. Besides, a tutorial for ML applications is provided from the aspects of the introduction of common ML algorithms, paradigms of ML, and motivations of applying ML. Lastly, challenges and possible solutions of ML application in optical networks are also discussed, which intends to inspire future innovations in leveraging ML to build intelligent optical networks.

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“…In this chapter, L0 phenomena are taken into account in the form of pulse time deviation factors. The contents of this chapter have been published in [14] and [15]. This work was partially done within the framework of an 11-months M.Sc.…”

Section: Thesis Contributions and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such synchronous operation was proposed in the past to the optical packet switching (OPS) networks (see e.g., [42]), and although it has not been widely considered in OBS networks, still some relevant studies can be found in the literature (see e.g., [43], [44], [45], [46] and [47]). Besides, in [14],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-layer modeling and optimization of next-generation internet networks

Escribà¹

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Scaling traditional telecommunication networks so that they are able to cope with the volume of future traffic demands and the stringent European Commission (EC) regulations on emissions would entail unaffordable investments. For this very reason, the design of an innovative ultra-high bandwidth power-efficient network architecture is nowadays a bold topic within the research community. So far, the independent evolution of network layers has resulted in isolated, and hence, far-from-optimal contributions, which have eventually led to the issues today's networks are facing such as inefficient energy strategy, limited network scalability and flexibility, reduced network manageability and increased overall network and customer services costs. Consequently, there is currently large consensus among network operators and the research community that cross-layer interaction and coordination is fundamental for the proper architectural design of next-generation Internet networks. This thesis actively contributes to the this goal by addressing the modeling, optimization and performance analysis of a set of potential technologies to be deployed in future cross-layer network architectures. By applying a transversal design approach (i.e., joint consideration of several network layers), we aim for achieving the maximization of the integration of the different network layers involved in each specific problem. To this end, Part I provides a comprehensive evaluation of optical transport networks (OTNs) based on layer 2 (L2) sub-wavelength switching (SWS) technologies, also taking into consideration the impact of physical layer impairments (PLIs) (L0 phenomena). Indeed, the recent and relevant advances in optical technologies have dramatically increased the impact that PLIs have on the optical signal quality, particularly in the context of SWS networks. Then, in Part II of the thesis, we present a set of case studies where it is shown that the application of operations research (OR) methodologies in the desing/planning stage of future cross-layer Internet network architectures leads to the successful joint optimization of key network performance indicators (KPIs) such as cost (i.e., CAPEX/OPEX), resources usage and energy consumption. OR can definitely play an important role by allowing network designers/architects to obtain good near-optimal solutions to real-sized problems within practical running times.

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A performance survey on deflection routing techniques for OBS networks

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Shared-per-wavelength asynchronous optical packet switching: A comparative analysis

Shared-per-wavelength asynchronous optical packet switching: A comparative analysis

Machine learning for intelligent optical networks: A comprehensive survey

Cross-layer modeling and optimization of next-generation internet networks

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