A Periodic Acid‐schiff Technique for Staining Fungi in Higher Plants

Dring, D. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1955.tb06180.x

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cuts of about 2 cm were made in the rotten part of each apple using a razor blade. Tissue processing and staining with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) for fungus (Dring, ) were performed at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Veterinary Medicine histology services laboratory. Images were captured using an inverted microscope (DMi1; Leica Microsystems Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal attack and host defence pathways unveiled in near‐avirulent interactions of Penicillium expansum creA mutants on apples

Tannous

Kumar

Sela

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Amongst the universal diseases affecting apples, blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum is a major concern, resulting in yield and quality losses as a result of the production of the mycotoxin patulin. Despite the characterization of the patulin biosynthetic gene cluster at both the molecular and chemical levels, the underlying regulation of patulin biosynthesis in P. expansum and the mechanisms of apple colonization remain largely obscure. Recent work has indicated that sucrose, a carbon catabolite repressive metabolite, is a critical factor in the regulation of patulin synthesis. Here, CreA, the global carbon catabolite regulator, was assessed for virulence both in vitro and in vivo. We showed that loss-of-function creA strains were nearly avirulent and did not produce patulin in apples. On the basis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and physiological experimentation, these mutants were unable to successfully colonize apples for a multitude of potential mechanisms including, on the pathogen side, a decreased ability to produce proteolytic enzymes and to acidify the environment and impaired carbon/nitrogen metabolism and, on the host side, an increase in the oxidative defence pathways. Our study defines CreA and its downstream signalling pathways as promising targets for the development of strategies to fight against the development and virulence of this post-harvest pathogen.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal attack and host defence pathways unveiled in near‐avirulent interactions of Penicillium expansum creA mutants on apples

Tannous

Kumar

Sela

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Adjacent 6 µm transverse sections were prepared on optical slides for histological examination. These sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent, which binds to glycogen and carbohydrates [32] and lacto-phenol cotton blue (LPCB) which stains fungal chitin [33].…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Spatial Resolution Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy Reveals the Mechanism of Leaf Lignin Decomposition by Aquatic Fungi

et al. 2013

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Organic carbon is a critical component of aquatic systems, providing energy storage and transfer between organisms. Fungi are a major decomposer group in the aquatic carbon cycle, and are one of few groups thought to be capable of breaking down woody (lignified) tissue. In this work we have used high spatial resolution (synchrotron light source) infrared micro-spectroscopy to study the interaction between aquatic fungi and lignified leaf vein material (xylem) from River Redgum trees (E. camaldulensis) endemic to the lowland rivers of South-Eastern Australia. The work provides spatially explicit evidence that fungal colonisation of leaf litter involves the oxidative breakdown of lignin immediately adjacent to the fungal tissue and depletion of the lignin-bound cellulose. Cellulose depletion occurs over relatively short length scales (5–15 µm) and highlights the likely importance of mechanical breakdown in accessing the carbohydrate content of this resource. Low bioavailability compounds (oxidized lignin and polyphenols of plant origin) remain in colonised leaves, even after fungal activity diminishes, and suggests a possible pathway for the sequestration of carbon in wetlands. The work shows that fungi likely have a critical role in the partitioning of lignified material into a biodegradable fraction that can re-enter the aquatic carbon cycle, and a recalcitrant fraction that enters long-term storage in sediments or contribute to the formation of dissolved organic carbon in the water column.

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“…The rapid PAS technique of Dring (1955) has not been used elsewhere. The oxidation times required to make only the characteristic intercellular pectin deposits of the stele stainable with Schiff were sufficient also to make visible the walls of the mature cortex.…”

Section: Histochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To detect acid polysaccharide in cell walls, either (a) 0-1 % ruthenium red in 0-1 % ammonia, (b) methylation and alkaline hydroxylamine-iron (Jensen, 1962), or (c) periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent (Dring, 1955) were employed. Method (c) began with aldehyde blockade using 0-5 % KBH^, staining was regulated by controlling the time of exposure to periodic acid; after 2 to 3 min, fungal slime and materials identifiable for structural reasons as pectins were stained, while 30 min were required to stain all cell wall material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ectomycorrhizal Infection Zone and Its Relation to Acid Polysaccharides of Cortical Cell Walls

Nylund

1987

New Phytologist

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Cortical cell walls of spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and pine {Pinus sylvestris L.) were found to contain large amounts of acid polysaccharide, which was absent from all other cell walls studied. In its staining characteristics, calcium content, extractability and structure it was similar to the pectic substance filling intercellular regions in the cortex, xylem and other tissues. The acid polysaccharide also formed a matrix embedding fungal cells of the Hartig net in mycorrhizal roots. Matrix substance in the mantle was of a different character.The distal limit of the acid polysaccharide wall incrustation marked the transition between the differentiation zone of the root tip and the mature cortex, and coincided exactly with the distal limit of the Hartig net and fungal penetration. The endodermis and, where present, the metacutis formed other barriers. Proximally, the onset of senescence and death of cortical cells made mycorrhiza formation impossible, or terminated the existing symbiotic relationship.Thus, 'the mycorrhizal infection zone', i.e. the part of the root where fungal colonization could take place, was defined by {a) a particular wall composition and {b) a physiological condition. Such limitation is consistent with the theory of mechanical fungal penetration during mycorrhiza formation -the pectins increase the cell-wall fiexibility -as well as the model for host-mycobiont interaction proposed in an earlier study (Nylund & Unestam, 1982).

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A Periodic Acid‐schiff Technique for Staining Fungi in Higher Plants

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Fungal attack and host defence pathways unveiled in near‐avirulent interactions of Penicillium expansum creA mutants on apples

Fungal attack and host defence pathways unveiled in near‐avirulent interactions of Penicillium expansum creA mutants on apples

High Spatial Resolution Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy Reveals the Mechanism of Leaf Lignin Decomposition by Aquatic Fungi

The Ectomycorrhizal Infection Zone and Its Relation to Acid Polysaccharides of Cortical Cell Walls

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