Curcumin, the main bioactive ingredient in turmeric, has been used to treat multiple diseases and conditions due to its numerous health benefits and therapeutic effects. The properties of natural and chemically modified curcumin (CMC) have been extensively investigated, with strong evidence on its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal properties), antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-carcinogenic, antispasmodic, hepato-protective, and wound healing properties. The aim of this review aims to present an overview of the use of curcumin in periodontal therapy and the biological mechanisms behind its properties. Findings from in vitro studies suggest that curcumin can promote osteogenesis, down regulate proteases, promote wound healing, and suppress periodontal bacteria. Results from animal studies suggest the potential of curcumin to reduce periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Topical application of curcumin has been evaluated in clinical studies as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the form of gel, mouthwash, irrigation solution, adhesive strip, sponge, and chip. The benefits of the topical use of curcumin have been compared to those of chlorhexidine and have been widely confirmed in pre-clinical studies. The majority of clinical studies report superior clinical and microbiological results when curcumin is used in combination with mechanical therapy. Nonetheless, there is a lack of randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up and adequate sample