A perspective of lignin processing and utilization technologies for composites and plastics with emphasis on technical and market trends

Kropat, Marcel; Ming-yang, Liao; Park, Hyeonji; Salem, Khandoker Samaher; Johnson, Shelly; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.

doi:10.15376/biores.16.1.kropat

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Several techniques have been developed, which can be grouped into sulfur and sulfur-free pulping from the paper and pulp industry, and biorefinery processes that aim to produce of materials, chemicals, and energy from biomass. 59 The latter may specifically be designed to isolate lignin of high purity and reactivity, whereas pulping originally produced lignin as a by- or waste-product. An overview is given in Fig.…”

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional surfaces, films, and coatings with lignin – a critical review

Ruwoldt¹,

Blindheim²,

Chinga-Carrasco³

2023

RSC Adv.

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Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignocellulosic biomass consists of cellulose (30-50%), hemicellulose (20-35%) and lignin (15-30%), where the lignin acts as a "glue" within the LCCs. 58,59 The actual lignin content of the biomass is highly inuenced by its botanical origin e.g., 28-32% Fig. 3 Common linkages between monolignols identified in lignins.…”

Section: Isolation Of Technical Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional surfaces, films, and coatings with lignin – a critical review

Ruwoldt¹,

Blindheim²,

Chinga-Carrasco³

2023

RSC Adv.

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“…Cellulose, being the world's most abundant natural polymer, have garnered significant importance in the recent past as a sustainable material due to its renewability, recyclability and biodegradability. [1][2][3][4] Thus, the cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) is emerging as a potential candidate for materials science since it possesses astounding non-scalable mechanical properties, chemical tenability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, and its use in paper and tissue products, composites, membranes, flexible electronics, hygiene products, hydrogel and aerogels and so on. [5][6][7][8][9] Nevertheless, CNF is relatively intransigent, stable, and cannot be easily chemically manipulated, which consequently lead the researchers to come up with numerous efforts to overcome their chemical stubbornness resulting in chemically modified CNF having increased functionality which would diversify the scope of its use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Effectiveness of Dye Absorption as a Probe to Determine The Chemical Reactivity of Cellulose Nanofibrils

Salem

Kasera

Pal

et al. 2023

Dhaka Uni. J. of Applied Sci. and Eng.

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Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) has earned substantial attention as a sustainable biopolymer due to environmental consciousness and the implementation of strict regulations for the remediation of single use plastics. However, the existing processing strategies rely on intensive mechanical grinding and quality of production is often measured by physical changes such as fines which completely overlooks chemical changes such as exposure of large numbers of hydroxyls which significantly compromises desirable properties. Therefore, we use dye absorption technique to measure the chemical reactivity of the CNF. The CNF was produced from bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHK) with different extent of fibrillation by varying the cumulative mechanical energy and then acetylation and dye absorption were used as a tool to investigate its chemical reactivity. The degree of substitution (DS) of the CNF reached a highest value and subsequently, it decreased to lesser values though the CNF were produced using higher cumulative energies. The dye absorption by CNF samples also followed the similar trend like the DS value of the CNF samples. The dye absorption was affected by the hydration shell formed by the hard-to-remove (HR) water molecules and the self-aggregation of cellulose hydroxyls at higher fibrillation, which hindered accessibility of the dye molecules to absorption cites. Therefore, this technique could be used as a new useful probing tool to determine the nanocellulose reactivity and might be a potential physicochemical strategy to produce and chemically modify CNF in an efficient and sustainable way to optimize its performance for different applications. DUJASE Vol. 7 (2) 39-46, 2022 (July)

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“…They are principally used in the form of technical lignins, that is, as byproducts from the wood pulping industry, for the generation of energy . Only 5% of the global lignin production is marketed for substantial applications, with less than 2% being explored for value-added products, even though the global market for technical lignins is estimated to reach over US$1 billion by 2027 . This underutilization indicates a need to develop more efficient processes for lignin isolation from the biomass and to engineer lignin-based products with high performance and increased commercial value. , With the increasing demands and needs for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived products for, for example, packaging and building insulation applications, there is also an opportunity for valorization of technical lignins into sustainable, value-added materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are principally used in the form of technical lignins, that is, as byproducts from the wood pulping industry, for the generation of energy. 1 Only 5% of the global lignin production is marketed for substantial applications, 2 with less than 2% being explored for value-added products, even though the global market for technical lignins is estimated to reach over US$1 billion by 2027. 2 This underutilization indicates a need to develop more efficient processes for lignin isolation from the biomass and to engineer lignin-based products with high performance and increased commercial value.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Templating Approach for Engineering Strong, Biodegradable Lignin-Based Foams

Trovagunta

Kelley

Lavoine

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Technical lignins are generated as byproducts from the wood pulping industry. Although their estimated annual production amounts to approximately 70 million tons, their exploitation as valueadded products remains insignificant. Yet, the diversity in the molecular structure and surface chemistry of technical lignins and their intrinsic role as mechanical support of plants may be an asset to consider in the engineering of plant-inspired materials such as biofoams. Valorization of lignins into solid foams, however, rarely accounts for more than 45−50 wt % of lignins because of their brittle nature. Herein, we report a strategy to develop fully biodegradable lignin-based foams of high stiffness, strength, and toughness that are comparable to, or in some cases exceed, the performance of petroleum-derived foams. A dual-templating approach using ice and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as templates was selected to control the porous architecture of the foams made by the assembly of lignin and cellulose in the cell walls. Foams with varying lignin-to-CNF weight ratios showed enhanced structural and mechanical integrity compared with neat lignin and CNF foams. For 80−90 wt % of lignin, a significant increase (+50%) in the foams' compressive performance was observed. Varying the degree of sulfonation of lignin and in turn its chemical interaction with cellulose enabled the generation of biodegradable composite foams with tunable compressive strength. The greater the colloidal stability of the lignin-CNF suspension, the higher the foams' compressive performance. This study thus discusses an engineering approach for the valorization of technical lignins into sustainable foams that have potential as packaging materials and sandwich panels, in which high stiffness, strength, and toughness per unit weight are required.

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A perspective of lignin processing and utilization technologies for composites and plastics with emphasis on technical and market trends

Cited by 8 publications

References 119 publications

Functional surfaces, films, and coatings with lignin – a critical review

Functional surfaces, films, and coatings with lignin – a critical review

Elucidation of Effectiveness of Dye Absorption as a Probe to Determine The Chemical Reactivity of Cellulose Nanofibrils

Dual-Templating Approach for Engineering Strong, Biodegradable Lignin-Based Foams

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