A perspective on the evolution and journey of different types of lithium-ion capacitors: mechanisms, energy-power balance, applicability, and commercialization

Abstract

Lithium-ion capacitors were conceptualized to bridge the gap between high-energy lithium-ion batteries and high-power electric double-layer capacitors. The history behind the motivation, conceptualization, and development of LICs is studied thoroughly...

Enhancing Specific Energy in Sodium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors via Quasi-Anodeless Configuration

“…Hybrid ion capacitors (HICs) are being increasingly recognized as a superior energy storage solution when compared to conventional supercapacitors. − Engineered for a broad range of applications, from regenerative braking to start–stop operations, they provide an innovative, high-energy-density alternative to supercapacitors. − These hybrid capacitor devices employ electrodes with asymmetrical electrochemical charge storage mechanisms. While one electrode, resembling a high-capacity battery, engages in Faradaic reactions characterized by diffusion-controlled processes, the other electrode, akin to a high-power-density capacitor, stores charge through rapid electric double-layer formations. , Among the various hybrid capacitor types, lithium-ion (Li-HCs) and sodium-ion (Na-HCs) hybrid capacitors have gained the most recognition and exhibit substantial potential for revolutionizing the energy storage technology. , Na-HCs have proven to be competitive, often matching or even surpassing the performance of Li-HCs. , When evaluating sustainability aspects, sodium-based energy storage systems emerge as highly appealing and viable choices. , …”