A pesca artesanal da miragaia (Pogonias cromis, Sciaenidae) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMOO aumento na abundância de peixes não residentes da zona estuarina atrai o interesse da frota pesqueira, o que determina o período das safras de pesca na mesma época do aumento da abundância. No sul do Brasil a miragaia (Pogonias cromis) é um peixe estuarino-dependente, ameaçado de extinção devido à sobreexplotação. No estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a falta de dados sobre a biologia e pesca da espécie são fatores limitantes na formulação de planos de manejo. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a pesca artesanal da miragaia no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, discutindo as variações da CPUE e as diferentes composições de juvenis e adultos desembarcados, relacionando-as com o período de aumento da abundância na região. A pesca intensa é o principal responsável pelas variações na abundância miragaias no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, onde as altas capturas acontecem dentro e fora do período reprodutivo. A composição dos desembarques se modifica ao longo do ano, fêmeas e peixes adultos predominam na estação reprodutiva, durante o período de repouso não há diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas, e juvenis são predominantes, a média de idade também se modifica, com maiores valores no período de desova. Conclui-se que esta pescaria pode comprometer a recuperação do estoque. Palavras-chave: conservação, desembarques, espécie ameaçada, período de desova, sobrepesca THE ARTISANAL FISHING OF BLACK DRUM (Pogonias cromis, SCIAENIDAE) IN ESTUARY LAGOON OF PATOS, BRAZIL ABSTRACTThe increasing in the abundance of non-resident fish in the estuarine area attracts the interest of the fishing fleet, which determines the fishing seasons in the same period of increasing abundance. The black drum (Pogonias cromis) is an estuarine-dependent fish, (threatened with extinction due to) overexploitation in southern Brazil. In the estuary of Patos Lagoon, the scarcity of data on the biology and fishery species (hinder) the formulation of management plans. This study aims to analyze the artisanal fisheries of the black drum in the estuary of Patos Lagoon, by analyzing CPUE changes and the different compositions of juveniles, adults, males and females landed, relating them to the period of abundance increasing in the region. The fishing effort is the main cause for variations in the abundance of black drum in the estuary of Patos Lagoon, where the largest catches occur inside and outside the breeding season. The composition of landings varies throughout the year, females and adult fish predominate during the reproductive season, during the rest of the year no significant difference between males and females was found, and juveniles are predominant in the landings. The mean age of fish also changed, with higher values in spawning period. We conclude that these fisheries would prevent the recovery of the stock.

Retrieving records of a rare and threatened shark in a mosaic of marine‐protected areas of southeastern Brazil

“…This strategy can help to engage fishers and other users in conservation actions and collaborative monitoring through citizen science while promoting the maintenance of biodiversity and its services (Garla et al ., 2022; Garrone‐Neto & Rodrigues, 2018; Garrone‐Neto et al ., 2018; Gibson et al ., 2019; Giovos et al ., 2019; Santos, 2021; Santos et al ., 2016, 2017). This aspect highlights the importance of maintaining good relations with fishing communities and their respective local ecological knowledge, as they allow for a more refined monitoring of fishing activity, which are essential for rare or little‐known species.…”

“…Non-formal records found in popular literature during this period bring photographs with positive identification of this species, of specimens captured in spearfishing activities on Queimada Grande Island in 1966 (OBF Gadig, personal image bank). This strategy can help to engage fishers and other users in conservation actions and collaborative monitoring through citizen science while promoting the maintenance of biodiversity and its services (Garla et al, 2022;Garrone-Neto & Rodrigues, 2018;Gibson et al, 2019;Giovos et al, 2019;Santos, 2021;Santos et al, 2016Santos et al, , 2017. This aspect highlights the importance of maintaining good relations with fishing communities and their respective local ecological knowledge, as they allow for a more refined monitoring of fishing activity, which are essential for rare or little-known species.…”

The biggest or the most abundant? Predation of the Black Drum Pogonias cromis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) on benthic organisms in southern Brazil

“…The black Drum, Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766), a demersal, estuarine-dependent fish distributed from the United States to Argentina (Nieland and Wilson 1993;Laiata and Aparicio 2005), can reach 150 cm of total length and 66 kg of total weight (Murphy and Taylor 1989). In southern Brazil, in the Patos lagoon estuary and the adjacent marine area of Cassino beach, this species is one of the largest teleost fish (Santos et al 2016). This species is classified as Threatened in Brazil (MMA 2014), due to large catches in the 1970s.…”

“…This led to intense population declines and the consequent collapse of fishing activity in southern Brazil (Haimovici et al 2006;Haimovici and Cardoso 2017). Knowledge of population ecology of P. cromis in the subtropical climate of southern Brazil is scarce, hampering efficient sustainable management plans (Castello 2007;Santos et al 2016;Santos and Velasco 2017).…”

“…The small participation of this group is possibly related to the low overlap between the fishing areas with the occurrence areas of the species. The most abundant crustaceans, such as Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) (Garcia et al 1996), are concentrated in low depth regions, such as marshes (Garcia et al 1996;Bemvenuti and Colling 2010); in turn the fishing fleet operates in the deeper regions where there is greater fishing yield (Reis et al 1994;Santos et al 2016).…”