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Chapter 1. APPLE {Malus domestica) 3 Chapter 2. APRICOT {Prunus armeniaca) 17 Chapter 3. BANANA {Musa spp.) 18 Chapter 4. CITRUS {Citrus spp.) 32 Chapter 5. EMBLICA/GOOSEBERRY/AOVLA 45 {Phyllanthus emblica) Chapter 6. GRAPE {Vitis vinifera) 48 Chapter 7. GUAVA {Psidium guajava) 59 Chapter 8. JACKFRUIT {Artocarpus heterophyllus) 67 Chapter 9. LITCHI {Litchi chinensis) 69 Chapter 10. MANGO {Mangifera indica) 71 Chapter 11. PAPAYA {Carica papaya) 83 Chapter 12. PEACH {Prunus persica) 92 Chapter 13. PEAR {Pyrus communis) 95 Chapter 14. PINEAPPLE {Ananas comosus) 98 Chapter 15. PLUM {Prunus domestica) 105 Chapter 16. POMEGRANTE {Punica granatum) 106 Chapter 17. SAPOTA {Manilkara zapota) 109 Chapter 18. STRAWBERRY {Fragaria chilensis) 111 PART-B MANAGEMENT OF POST-HARVEST DISEASES OF VEGETABLE CROPS Chapter 19. CUCURBITS 117 [Cucumber (Cucumis sativusf Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo); Watermelon (Citrullus lanatusf Muskmelon (Cucumis melo)\ Chayote/chow-chow{Sechium edule)\ Bittergourd (Momordica charantia var. charantia); Snakegourd (Trichosanthes anguina); Bottlegourd (Lagenaria sicerariaf Ridge-gourd {Luffa acutangulaf Sponge-gourd {Luffa aegyptiaca); Round-gourd {Citrullus vulgaris); Koval {Coccinia cordifolia)] Chapter 20. SOLANACEOUS CROPS CHAPTER Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) It is an important fruit-crop of the cold arid regions of India, and is one of the most delicious temperate fruits with a pleasant flavour. Ripe apricot is an excellent dessert and is used for the table purpose. Orange-coloured fruits are full of beta carotene and vit. C. FUNGAL DISEASES Brown-rot, c.o. Monilinia laxa (Aderh & Ruhl.) Honey M. fructigena (Aderh & Ruhl.) Honey Symptoms and control measures for this are detailed under brown-rot of peaches. Rhizopus-rot, c.o. Rhizopus spp. Symptoms and control measures are detailed under Rhizopus-rot of peaches. Sclerotinia disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary has also been reported on apricots (Walker 1975). BACTERIAL DISEASESA bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall was reported by Durgapal (1971). It appeared on the fruits as reddish-purple to dark-brown lesions. POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENTApricots are soft and delicate and need to be consumed/processed within three days after harvest. They can be stored for 72-80 hr at room temperature. Storage life can be extended by storing at 5°C and at 85% relative humidity. Under controlled atmospheric conditions, fruits can be stored for 10 days at 3°C. CHAPTER Banana (Musa spp.) Banana and plantain is a dessert fruit or a starch staple to a large population of the world. The fruit is rich in vitamins A, B,C, minerals and energy. Several fungi are reported to cause post-harvest losses in banana. Cheriyan (1987) recorded maximum reduction in total sugars, total soluble solids and vitamin C in fruits infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporoides. Under pathogenesis, changes in protein and phenol contents in banana-fruits were also recorded. Protein concentration exhibited gradual fall under pathogenesis by prominent fungi, Botr...
Chapter 1. APPLE {Malus domestica) 3 Chapter 2. APRICOT {Prunus armeniaca) 17 Chapter 3. BANANA {Musa spp.) 18 Chapter 4. CITRUS {Citrus spp.) 32 Chapter 5. EMBLICA/GOOSEBERRY/AOVLA 45 {Phyllanthus emblica) Chapter 6. GRAPE {Vitis vinifera) 48 Chapter 7. GUAVA {Psidium guajava) 59 Chapter 8. JACKFRUIT {Artocarpus heterophyllus) 67 Chapter 9. LITCHI {Litchi chinensis) 69 Chapter 10. MANGO {Mangifera indica) 71 Chapter 11. PAPAYA {Carica papaya) 83 Chapter 12. PEACH {Prunus persica) 92 Chapter 13. PEAR {Pyrus communis) 95 Chapter 14. PINEAPPLE {Ananas comosus) 98 Chapter 15. PLUM {Prunus domestica) 105 Chapter 16. POMEGRANTE {Punica granatum) 106 Chapter 17. SAPOTA {Manilkara zapota) 109 Chapter 18. STRAWBERRY {Fragaria chilensis) 111 PART-B MANAGEMENT OF POST-HARVEST DISEASES OF VEGETABLE CROPS Chapter 19. CUCURBITS 117 [Cucumber (Cucumis sativusf Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo); Watermelon (Citrullus lanatusf Muskmelon (Cucumis melo)\ Chayote/chow-chow{Sechium edule)\ Bittergourd (Momordica charantia var. charantia); Snakegourd (Trichosanthes anguina); Bottlegourd (Lagenaria sicerariaf Ridge-gourd {Luffa acutangulaf Sponge-gourd {Luffa aegyptiaca); Round-gourd {Citrullus vulgaris); Koval {Coccinia cordifolia)] Chapter 20. SOLANACEOUS CROPS CHAPTER Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) It is an important fruit-crop of the cold arid regions of India, and is one of the most delicious temperate fruits with a pleasant flavour. Ripe apricot is an excellent dessert and is used for the table purpose. Orange-coloured fruits are full of beta carotene and vit. C. FUNGAL DISEASES Brown-rot, c.o. Monilinia laxa (Aderh & Ruhl.) Honey M. fructigena (Aderh & Ruhl.) Honey Symptoms and control measures for this are detailed under brown-rot of peaches. Rhizopus-rot, c.o. Rhizopus spp. Symptoms and control measures are detailed under Rhizopus-rot of peaches. Sclerotinia disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary has also been reported on apricots (Walker 1975). BACTERIAL DISEASESA bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall was reported by Durgapal (1971). It appeared on the fruits as reddish-purple to dark-brown lesions. POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENTApricots are soft and delicate and need to be consumed/processed within three days after harvest. They can be stored for 72-80 hr at room temperature. Storage life can be extended by storing at 5°C and at 85% relative humidity. Under controlled atmospheric conditions, fruits can be stored for 10 days at 3°C. CHAPTER Banana (Musa spp.) Banana and plantain is a dessert fruit or a starch staple to a large population of the world. The fruit is rich in vitamins A, B,C, minerals and energy. Several fungi are reported to cause post-harvest losses in banana. Cheriyan (1987) recorded maximum reduction in total sugars, total soluble solids and vitamin C in fruits infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporoides. Under pathogenesis, changes in protein and phenol contents in banana-fruits were also recorded. Protein concentration exhibited gradual fall under pathogenesis by prominent fungi, Botr...
ResumoCom o objetivo de contribuir para a produção de uma história da biblioteca escolar no Brasil, focalizam-se, neste artigo, teses e dissertações com abordagem histórica sobre o tema. Centrada em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, desenvolvida por meio dos procedimentos de localização, recuperação, reunião, seleção e ordenação de fontes documentais, elaborou-se um instrumento de pesquisa no qual estão reunidas referências de textos acadêmicos sobre biblioteca escolar. A partir da análise da produção acadêmica sobre biblioteca escolar, entre os anos de 2001 e 2012, constatou-se que ainda são escassas as pesquisas históricas sobre esse tema, mas são necessárias dada a sua relevância na atualidade, em especial nas políticas públicas de leitura. Palavras-chave: Biblioteca Escolar. Produção acadêmica. História da Educação. AbstractAiming to contribute to understanding the Brazilian academic production on school library, we focus in this paper, thesis and dissertations with historical on this subject. Through historical approach, focusing on documentary and bibliographical research and using procedures of locating, recovering, assembling, selecting, ordering documentary sources, we elaborate a research guide, containing academic texts references about school library. From the analysis of academic literature on school library, between 2001 and 2012 years, we observed that there is still little the historical research on this subject, but are necessary because of their relevance today, especially related to public policies on reading.
Verificar o estado da biodiversidade e as intervenções que provocaram ou provocam a sua destruição ou a sua conservação implica problematizar aspectos fundamentais do fenômeno da vida, das relações entre saúde e ambiente. Na dinâmica ecológica, a freqüência de determinados seres vivos depende em grande medida da freqüência de outros seres vivos. Também na saúde, a história de cada doença é dependente da história de todas as doenças, da história natural e dos homens. A emergência e reemergência de doenças infecto-contagiosas põem em evidência a fragilidade do equilíbrio ambiental. Tais Brasilian Epidemiology -1990. São Paulo, 2004. Tese de Doutorado.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambiental, Universidade de São Paulo.Verifying the biodiversity and the human interventions, which causes and determine their destruction or conservation implies considering the phenomenon of life, the relationship between environment and health. In ecological processes, the frequency of plants, animals and humans depends on the frequency of all alive entities. The same happens in health, where a history of one disease depends on the history of all diseases. It depends on the natural and on the human history. The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases demonstrates the environmental fragility balance. These problems replace the critical threshold between men and nature relationship, also between biological and social categories. Disclosing the connection between these categories through the Epidemiology, a structural discipline of Public Health in Brazil, allow to disclose the ecological consequences of this social practice. INTRODUÇÃOMuito se tem escrito sobre as novas doenças, as novas epidemias. Parece haver uma descoberta a cada ano de um novo vírus, uma nova bactéria. Estes fenômenos repercutem imediatamente junto à opinião pública mundial. A rapidez dos sistemas midiáticos faz com que muitos desses surtos epidêmicos ganhem o domínio público quase que concomitantemente à sua 'descoberta' científica.Também a divulgação, pormenorizada, da existência desses microorganismos, suas formas de ação e propagação, tem sido feita quase que simultaneamente aos relatos e análises científicas. Essa dinâmica revela que o espaço de saberes associados à ciência moderna é, hoje, mais do que nunca, uma espécie de território "desunido e plural" (Nunes e Gonçalves, 2001). É que a atividade científica, nos dias atuais, pressupõe a interrelação/intersecção de uma diversidade de mundos sociais, de atores e práticas que vão do mundo da ciência, propriamente dito, às instituições públicas e privadas, passando pelas universidades, organizações e institutos, sem esquecer, ainda, os movimentos sociais e as organizações da sociedade civil. Esse tem sido o espaço das notícias, das descobertas, das inovações e das discussões sobre as novas doenças, suas etiologias e profilaxia.O campo da Saúde Pública, em suas várias disciplinas, tem, sem dúvida, trabalhado, exaustivamente, a problemática da emergência e reemergência das doenças e suas raízes eco...
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