A petrochemical study of calcic amphiboles from the East Bull Lake anorthosite-gabbro layered complex, District of Algoma, Ontario

Kamineni, D. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00381275

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[19] Chloride in samples from Yucca Mountain has five main sources: (1) salts or fluids present in fractures; (2) salts or fluids present in intergranular pores; (3) isolated fluid inclusions within mineral grains; (4) chemically bound Cl in hydrous minerals such as biotite and hornblende [Gascoyne, 2003[Gascoyne, , 2002Roback et al, 2002;Kamineni, 1986;Fabryka-Martin et al, 1997, 1998]; and (5) construction water [Finsterle et al, 2002;FabrykaMartin et al, 1997FabrykaMartin et al, , 1998; G. Lu et al, Quantifying water mixing through sample leaching data, submitted to Applied Geochemistry, 2003 (hereinafter referred to as Lu et al, submitted manuscript, 2003)]. The first four sources are common in igneous rocks; the last source (construction water) was introduced during the excavation of the ESF tunnel.…”

Section: Chloride Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cl in the rock is higher (about 180 mg/kg) in the TCw and lower (about 120 mg/kg) in the PTn, based on linear interpolation of Cl/Br ratios obtained from step-leaching (repeated grinding and leaching) by FabrykaMartin et al [1998]. We used the rock Cl concentration to represent both fluid inclusions and chemically bound Cl (in hydrous minerals such as biotite and hornblende) [Kamineni, 1986]. However, the maximum Cl leached was found to be only about 10% of the total Cl in the tuff [Gascoyne, 2003].…”

Section: Fluid Inclusion and Mineral Boundary Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of halide leaching on ³⁶Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Sonnenthal

Bodvarsson

2003

Water Resources Research

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[1] Chlorine 36 was generated from nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s and has been used to identify fast flow paths at Yucca Mountain, the proposed repository for high-level nuclear waste , 1998]. Bomb pulse 36 Cl, brought into the subsurface by infiltrating rainwater, presumably resides along fracture surfaces because of the extremely low rock matrix permeability. However, leaching a rock sample to extract this salt inevitably extracts pore water chloride (Cl) and rock matrix chloride, thereby making it difficult to obtain reproducible measurements or detect the specific bomb pulse signatures. Complexities introduced by these sources of older chloride include dilution of bomb pulse 36 Cl/Cl ratios for samples from strata with a high Cl concentration, variations in measured ratios as a function of leaching time, rock chip size, and the differing effects of active leaching from those of passive leaching. This work provides both a conceptual model and a mathematical solution for the leaching processes and examines the role of sample leaching in the 36 Cl studies of Yucca Mountain rocks. An analytical solution is derived for the diffusion of Cl and 36 Cl in composite media (rock matrix and water) to accommodate variable diffusivity. This solution is subsequently used to develop a leaching model that takes into account bomb pulse signal, matrix pore water, and relatively hard to leach components (isolated fluid inclusion and mineral boundary salts). The model is then applied to samples from stratigraphic units at Yucca Mountain to obtain leachate concentrations from different setup methods (protocols), including duration, chip size, and gravitational settling of the water-rock mixture. The model results show that the probability of detecting a 36 Cl/Cl bomb pulse signal is severely diminished under longer leaching times and smaller rock fragment sizes and that leaching times of 1 to 10 hours are most likely to be successful in detecting a bomb pulse signal. Bomb pulse 36 Cl/Cl ratios are more likely to be observed if pore water Cl concentrations were initially low prior to the introduction of bomb pulse carrying water.

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Section: Chloride Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluid Inclusion and Mineral Boundary Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of halide leaching on ³⁶Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Sonnenthal

Bodvarsson

2003

Water Resources Research

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“…(For a description of the geology see James & Born 1985;Kamineni 1986). Kamineni et al (1984) identified eight major lithologic units associated with the pluton; anorthosite, gabbroic anorthosite, rhythmically layered gabbro, troctolite, layered gabbro, dendritic gabbro, massive gabbro and fault gabbro. Drillhole EBL-1 intersects all lithologic units, except the fault gabbro.…”

Section: A Diabase Dykementioning

confidence: 99%

On the lognormal distribution of oxides in igneous rocks, using magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for oxide mineral concentration

Latham

Harding

Lapointe

et al. 1989

Geophysical Journal International

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Trace element concentrations in igneous rocks are frequently lognormally distributed, and Shaw (1961) suggested that minor minerals in igneous rocks might also be lognormally distributed. There is accumulating evidence to show that bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) often closely follows a lognormal distribution in fresh igneous rocks but, because BMS is dependent upon oxide-grain size and mineralogy, it is not obvious why this should be so. We have adopted Shaw's simple theoretical model as an argument to account for the lognormal distribution of BMS. The obvious prevailing conditions must be that the original melt was uniform, that pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity were constant and that the minerals were formed at equilibrium. In addition, because BMS is also a function of grain size and mineralogy, the distribution of these latter parameters must be insensitive to changes in P , T , etc. at equilibrium. It appears that there must be a limit to the lognormal law in trying to apply it to minerals of greater concentration. However, BMS proxies for oxide content, and because it does closely follow the lognormal distribution it thus appears that, in crystalline igneous rocks, the lognormal law is obeyed by minerals of concentrations at least up to a few percent. Knowledge of the mean and variance of such distributions can be useful in a variety of petrological applications, especially in drillcore logging; a simple example is presented.

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Multiple alteration events in the East Bull Lake anorthosite-gabbro layered complex, NE Ontario, Canada: evidence from fracture mineralogy and40Ar-39Ar dating

Kamineni

McCrank

Stone

1987

Applied Geochemistry

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A petrochemical study of calcic amphiboles from the East Bull Lake anorthosite-gabbro layered complex, District of Algoma, Ontario

Abstract: Mineral Petrol (1986) 93:471-481 request that the following amendments be noted: on page 476, enclenitic should read edenitic; on page 478, Emax should have been omitted in equitation (3) and (4) right hand column.

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Implications of halide leaching on ³⁶Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Implications of halide leaching on ³⁶Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

On the lognormal distribution of oxides in igneous rocks, using magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for oxide mineral concentration

Multiple alteration events in the East Bull Lake anorthosite-gabbro layered complex, NE Ontario, Canada: evidence from fracture mineralogy and40Ar-39Ar dating

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A petrochemical study of calcic amphiboles from the East Bull Lake anorthosite-gabbro layered complex, District of Algoma, Ontario

Abstract: Mineral Petrol (1986) 93:471-481 request that the following amendments be noted: on page 476, enclenitic should read edenitic; on page 478, Emax should have been omitted in equitation (3) and (4) right hand column.

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Implications of halide leaching on 36Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Implications of halide leaching on 36Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

On the lognormal distribution of oxides in igneous rocks, using magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for oxide mineral concentration

Multiple alteration events in the East Bull Lake anorthosite-gabbro layered complex, NE Ontario, Canada: evidence from fracture mineralogy and40Ar-39Ar dating

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Implications of halide leaching on ³⁶Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Implications of halide leaching on ³⁶Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada