Luminescent lanthanide complexes (LLCs) are versatile probes for the determination of a variety of analytes such as metal ions, anions, hydrogen peroxide, ATP, pH, or oxygen. Antenna chromophores have been introduced as ligands for sensitizing lanthanide emission. The ligand system or the lanthanide ion can act as receptors for reversible binding of analytes. Thus, the response of luminescence emission can occur via ligand or metal-centered processes, which will both be discussed. LLCs, particularly Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ complexes, have been incorporated in solid state matrices, e.g., polymer hydrogels or silica to obtain optical sensor layers. A selection of such sensitive materials will be outlined, including sensors for the analytically relevant parameters oxygen, pH, hydrogen peroxide, humidity, and temperature.