“…Glial factors may also influence the expression and/or function of nociceptive channels such as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, vanilloid 1 and 4 (TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4), purinergic P2X 3 receptors, tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels Na v 1.8 and Na v 1.9, and T-type calcium channels Ca v 3.2 ( Beyak et al, 2004 ; Brierley et al, 2008 , 2009 ; Brierley and Linden, 2014 ; Cenac et al, 2010 ; De Schepper et al, 2008 ; Hockley et al, 2014 ; Lapointe et al, 2015 ; Scanzi et al, 2016 ; Wynn et al, 2004 ). Additionally, growth factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are secreted by glia in response to proinflammatory cytokines ( Delvalle et al, 2018 ; von Boyen et al, 2006 ) and could modify nociceptor sensitivity ( Dubin et al, 2012 ; Prato et al, 2017 ; Wangzhou et al, 2020 ).…”