A Phase 1 Study of PAmAb, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody against Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen, in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

PAmAb is safe, well tolerated, and bioavailable after a single intramuscular or intravenous dose, which supports further clinical development of PAmAb as a novel therapeutic agent for inhalational anthrax.

Effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and formaldehyde in the formulation of rPA anthrax vaccine

“…Recent examples include Toll-like receptor ligands CpG ODN and Resiquimod R-848 [35,36], pluronic F127, a non-ionic, hydrophilic polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene block copolymer [37], additional vaccine antigens such as capsule [38] or EF [39,40], DNA vaccines [41], and mucosal vaccine strategies [42,43]. That antibodies have been recognized as important in protection is demonstrated by the number of immunotherapeutic reagents that have been recently suggested [44][45][46][47][48][49]. However, protection has not always been attributed to toxin-neutralizing antibodies.…”

Identification of Linear Epitopes in Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Bound by Neutralizing Antibodies

“…The development of numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to different epitopes on the PA molecule that influence PA functions, in conjunction with epitope mapping, has provided an opportunity to study the fine antigenic structure of PA. Most of these epitopes have been defined in mice (5)(6)(7)(8), in macaques (9), in rabbits (10), as well as in vaccinated humans (11). Consequently, the epitopes described thus far are localized to three discrete regions within the PA.…”

Targeting virulence not viability in the search for future antibacterials

“…The potential use of B. anthracis as a bioweapon has made this and other high threat pathogens the focus of intense efforts to develop antibodies and vaccines [37]. Antibodies that inhibit anthrax toxins (ABthrax, Valortim among [47,53] others) have shown promising protection in a range of animal models and are now in clinical development [38][39][40][41].…”