2020
DOI: 10.1038/s42005-020-0327-1
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A phase diagram for bacterial swarming

Abstract: Bacterial swarming is a rapid mass-migration, in which thousands of cells spread collectively to colonize a surface. Physically, swarming is a natural example of active particles that use energy to generate motion. Accordingly, understanding the constraints physics imposes on the dynamics is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying the swarming phenomenon. We present new experiments of swarming Bacillus subtilis mutants with different aspect ratios and densities. Analyzing the dynamics reveals a rich … Show more

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Cited by 88 publications
(121 citation statements)
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“…Thereby, we shed light on the importance of anisotropic repulsion as a source of orientational alignment, particularly on how the interrelation of particle shape, rigidity, and self-propulsion determines emergent collective behavior—key elements to be considered in the design of biomimetic materials. Unifying seemingly different phenomena at the heart of active matter within one theoretical framework is expected to pave the way toward a comprehensive understanding of soft and deformable active matter such as bacterial colonies 4 , 63 or driven filaments 41 43 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thereby, we shed light on the importance of anisotropic repulsion as a source of orientational alignment, particularly on how the interrelation of particle shape, rigidity, and self-propulsion determines emergent collective behavior—key elements to be considered in the design of biomimetic materials. Unifying seemingly different phenomena at the heart of active matter within one theoretical framework is expected to pave the way toward a comprehensive understanding of soft and deformable active matter such as bacterial colonies 4 , 63 or driven filaments 41 43 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Swirling patterns in swarms, lasting for several seconds, are inherent to systems composed of rod-shaped active particles [ 18 , 49 ]. Therefore, cell shape, more specifically the aspect ratio (ratio between the width and the length of the cells), is one of the key parameters that fundamentally define swarming dynamics [ 50 ]. In B. subtilis swarms, low aspect ratios (from 1 to 9) enable the normal swarming behaviour, characterised by a unimodal distribution of surface densities and a Gaussian distribution of the velocities (kurtosis close to 3).…”
Section: Cell Shape and Density Impact Bacterial Collective Behaviourmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The velocity distribution gives very large kurtosis (indicating heavy-tailed distributions) unlike in the small aspect ratio phase. The aspect ratio also affects the magnitude of the velocity, peaking at 50 μm/s (aspect ratio of 5) [ 50 ], which decreases by nearly 5-fold when the aspect ratio is changed to 3.8 or 8.…”
Section: Cell Shape and Density Impact Bacterial Collective Behaviourmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A number of prior studies have focused on mainly understanding the swarming dynamics with respect to the properties like cell-density or packing fraction and cell-aspect ratio, constant and density-dependent self-propulsion forces, a mixture of motile and non-motile cells [13,17,[30][31][32][33]. For a statistical physics view on bacterial swarming dynamics we refer [34].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%