“…The phase field fracture model builds upon Griffith's thermodynamics principles [20] and has been widely used to predict the evolution of cracks in a wide range of materials, including rock-like materials [21,22], ceramics [23,24], ductile metals [25,26], functionally graded materials [27,28], porous media [29,30], shape memory materials [31,32], ice [33,34] and composites [36,36]. In addition, it has been successfully employed to model fracture and bridging behaviour in fibre-reinforced composite materials at the micro-scale level [37,38].…”