A phase III comparison of two toremifene doses to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer

Gershanovich, M.; Garin, A.; Baltina, Dace; Kurvet, Ants; Kangas, Lauri; Ellmén, Juha; Group, Eastern European Study

doi:10.1023/a:1005891506092

Cited by 75 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A conservative approach led to 240 mg being chosen for the high dose formulation. Subsequent phase Ⅲ clinical trials appear to bear out the enhanced efficacy of the higher dose formulations of toremifene [29][30][31] .…”

Section: Toremifene Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been ten randomized controlled studies comparing toremifene with tamoxifen [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] . Collectively, these studies, which include a total of more than 5500 patients show rather clearly that toremifene is not less effective than tamoxifen.…”

Section: Randomized Studies With Toremifenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An open study conducted in Eastern Europe compared toremifene 60 and 240 mg, with tamoxifen 40 mg in 463 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer [31] . Response rates of 20.4% and 20.8% were achieved with toremifene 60 mg and tamoxifen, respectively.…”

Section: Toremifene In Advanced Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer

Mustonen¹

2014

WJCO

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Core tip: Toremifene is safe and effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Toremifene and tamoxifen are equivalently effective in the treatment of breast cancer, although some studies show an advantage for toremifene. Safety and tolerability is also broadly equivalent, although toremifene may cause fewer uterine neoplasms, serious vascular adverse events and has a more beneficial effect on plasma lipids than does tamoxifen.Mustonen MVJ, Pyrhönen S, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer.

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Section: Toremifene Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Randomized Studies With Toremifenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer

Mustonen¹

2014

WJCO

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“…toremifene, droloxifene and idoxifene) were based on the non-steroidal triphenylethylene structure of tamoxifen (Wakeling 2000). These agents have no efficacy benefits over tamoxifen and also show partial agonist activity (Pyrhonen et al 1994, Lee et al 2000, Buzdar et al 2002, with some studies suggesting there is cross-resistance 'between' first-generation SERMs and tamoxifen (Haarstad et al 1992, Stenbygaard et al 1993, Pyrhonen et al 1994, Hayes et al 1995, Gershanovich et al 1997, Lee et al 2000, Johnston et al 2001, MillaSantos et al 2001. Disappointing efficacy data for both droloxifene and idoxifene when compared with tamoxifen or when used in tamoxifen-resistant disease have led to their development being halted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure oestrogen antagonists for the treatment of advanced breast cancer

Howell¹

2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

108

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For more than 30 years, tamoxifen has been the drug of choice in treating patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumours. However, research has endeavoured to develop agents that match and improve the clinical efficacy of tamoxifen, but lack its partial agonist effects. The first 'pure' oestrogen antagonist was developed in 1987; from this, an even more potent derivative was developed for clinical use, known as fulvestrant (ICI 182,780, 'Faslodex'). Mechanistic studies have shown that fulvestrant possesses high ER-binding affinity and has multiple effects on ER signalling: it blocks dimerisation and nuclear localisation of the ER, reduces cellular levels of ER and blocks ER-mediated gene transcription. Unlike anti-oestrogens chemically related to tamoxifen, fulvestrant also helps circumvent resistance to tamoxifen. There are extensive data to support the lack of partial agonist effects of fulvestrant and, importantly, its lack of cross-resistance with tamoxifen. In phase III studies in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, fulvestrant was at least as effective as anastrozole in patients with tamoxifen-resistant tumours, was effective in the first-line setting and was also well tolerated. These data are supported by experience from the compassionate use of fulvestrant in more heavily pretreated patients. Further studies are now underway to determine the best strategy for sequencing oestrogen endocrine therapies and to optimise dosing regimens of fulvestrant. At present, and for the foreseeable future, fulvestrant is the only oestrogen antagonist with no agonistic effects licensed for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Other similar oestrogen antagonists are undergoing research and development, with a few currently being evaluated in phase II trials.

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“…Gershanovich, et al [13] used ECOG scoring criteria for the evaluation of quality of life. They hold the opinion that TOR was superior to TAM in terms of quality of life (40.4% vs. 21.6%).…”

Section: Collectively These Researches Showed a Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

Int J Surg Res Pract

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In the endocrine therapy of breast cancer, there are two kinds of drugs which are commonly used, tamoxifen and toremifene. Tamoxifen had been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a kind of selective estrogen receptor modulators as early as 1977. It was used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer with hormone receptor positive, nevertheless as the first generation of selective estrogen receptor modulators, TAM produced antagonistic action of estrogen in breast tissue. Meanwhile, estrogenic activity was also produced in the uterus and bone, thus caused other adverse events like genital lesions (for example, the increasing risk of endometrial cancer) at the same time while treating breast cancer. Toremifene was a kind of estrogen receptor regulator which was approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer after TAM. It had been used in the clinical adjuvant therapy on breast cancer since 1995. Recently, a number of domestic and foreign studies have discussed the similar efficacy and adverse reactions of TOR and TAM in the treatment of breast cancer in various stages. This article will summarize relevant literature and data from four aspects, the efficacy, safety, quality of life and economic benefits, and to discuss the clinical progress of toremifene and tamoxifen in endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Comparative study of TOR and TAM in the endocrine therapy of breast cancerComparative study of efficacy: Comparative study of endocrine therapy for early stage breast cancer: In the studies of endocrine therapy for early breast cancer, researches are not only targeting on large data sample, AbstractResearches on the breast cancer pathogenesis have been greatly progressed within the past few decades, so does the immunohistochemical classification of breast cancer. Recent clinical trials and studies have shown that endocrine therapy has become a clear target treatment with confirmed efficacy of breast cancer. In the drug selection of endocrine therapy for breast cancer, tamoxifen and toremifene have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) successively on the treatment of peri-menopausal breast cancer patients with positive hormone receptor. A number of domestic and foreign researches have been done in comparison of using toremifene and tamoxifen alone, or both in the endocrine therapy for breast cancer; however results and conclusions vary among different studies. This article will mainly focus on reviewing literatures of this field from four aspects, the efficacy, safety, quality of life and economic benefits, and discussing the clinical progress of toremifene and tamoxifen in endocrine therapy for breast cancer.

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A phase III comparison of two toremifene doses to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer

Cited by 75 publications

References 36 publications

Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer

Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer

Pure oestrogen antagonists for the treatment of advanced breast cancer

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