Abstract:The primary objective of the current study was to explore the adoption of different coping strategies among survivors of acid violence in Pakistan. The data were collected from survivors of acid violence till saturation point was reached with the help of four key informants through a semi-structured interview guide from March, 2019 to June, 2019. Survivors who have lived with at least six months of acid violence were included in the current study. The researchers faced difficulty in recruitment of survivors as… Show more
“…All studies focused on persons living with the aftermath of the burn injury, including post‐burn scarring among persons surviving moderate to severe forms of burns. The included studies were completed in various countries including Australia (Gullick et al, 2014; Johnson et al, 2016; Kornhaber et al, 2014; Martin et al, 2017b; McGarry et al, 2014; McLean et al, 2015), Canada (Badger & Royse, 2010; Cristall et al, 2020; Hunter et al, 2013), United States (Abrams et al, 2018; Davis et al, 2014), United Kingdom (Jones et al, 2017; Macleod et al, 2016) Iran,(Lebni et al, 2020; Mirlashari et al, 2017; Zamanzadeh et al, 2014, 2015), South Africa (Dekel & van Niekerk, 2018; Dunpath et al, 2015; Lau & van Niekerk, 2011), Korea (Kim & Ban, 2019), Mainland China (Ren et al, 2015), Netherlands (Egberts et al, 2020), Sweden (Dahl et al, 2012) and Pakistan (Batool et al, 2022). Two studies focused on pediatric burn survivors(Egberts et al, 2020; McGarry et al, 2014) with another study focusing on young persons aged 14–24 years (Lau & van Niekerk, 2011).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another category of persons who experienced high levels of remorse were those who felt their actions contributed significantly to the initial burn incident and the subsequent scarring served as a reminder of those actions (Batool et al, 2022):I am responsible for scars. Second marriage is men's right; I should not have intervened.…”
Section: Emergence Of a New Identitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I cannot do anything to get over it … I used to know myself as the most beautiful girl among my relatives, but now I see myself as the ugliest, I hate myself. (Lebni et al, 2020, p. 4) Another category of persons who experienced high levels of remorse were those who felt their actions contributed significantly to the initial burn incident and the subsequent scarring served as a reminder of those actions (Batool et al, 2022): I am responsible for scars. Second marriage is men's right; I should not have intervened.…”
Introduction:Post-burn scarring is often cosmetically unappealing and create discomfort. This makes it crucial to understand the experience of individuals living with scars which can offer insights into their recovery. This review sought to develop an in-depth understanding of living with post-burn scars.
Design:A systematic review and meta-ethnography approach were employed. We utilized an interpretive approach to inductively generate codes. These codes were examined iteratively using a constant comparison strategy following which they were re-interpreted to formulate themes which formed the basis of undertaking a narrative synthesis.Results: Twenty-five studies were retained. The analytical process yielded two themes: emergence of a new identity and living with the redefined self. The experience of living with scars is entwined with the initial trauma as the scars served as a permanent reminder of the injury. Emergence of a new identity involved a process of meaning making, mourning the loss of the old self, confronting the new self, reconciling the remains of the old self with the new, rebuilding a new identity, and navigating through functional restrictions. These processes were particularly challenging for persons involved in self-immolation. Positive coping and changing one's perspective emerged as strategies to facilitate living with the redefined self.
Conclusion:Living with scars is a challenging process which is more difficult for persons whose injuries are due to self-immolation (act of burning oneself). The findings highlight a latent yet ongoing process towards subjective recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of the processes and incorporate these into rehabilitation programmes.Clinical relevance: Burn survivors need ongoing professional support to adjust to and live with the scars. Victims of self-immolation should be considered for early psychosocial support.
“…All studies focused on persons living with the aftermath of the burn injury, including post‐burn scarring among persons surviving moderate to severe forms of burns. The included studies were completed in various countries including Australia (Gullick et al, 2014; Johnson et al, 2016; Kornhaber et al, 2014; Martin et al, 2017b; McGarry et al, 2014; McLean et al, 2015), Canada (Badger & Royse, 2010; Cristall et al, 2020; Hunter et al, 2013), United States (Abrams et al, 2018; Davis et al, 2014), United Kingdom (Jones et al, 2017; Macleod et al, 2016) Iran,(Lebni et al, 2020; Mirlashari et al, 2017; Zamanzadeh et al, 2014, 2015), South Africa (Dekel & van Niekerk, 2018; Dunpath et al, 2015; Lau & van Niekerk, 2011), Korea (Kim & Ban, 2019), Mainland China (Ren et al, 2015), Netherlands (Egberts et al, 2020), Sweden (Dahl et al, 2012) and Pakistan (Batool et al, 2022). Two studies focused on pediatric burn survivors(Egberts et al, 2020; McGarry et al, 2014) with another study focusing on young persons aged 14–24 years (Lau & van Niekerk, 2011).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another category of persons who experienced high levels of remorse were those who felt their actions contributed significantly to the initial burn incident and the subsequent scarring served as a reminder of those actions (Batool et al, 2022):I am responsible for scars. Second marriage is men's right; I should not have intervened.…”
Section: Emergence Of a New Identitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I cannot do anything to get over it … I used to know myself as the most beautiful girl among my relatives, but now I see myself as the ugliest, I hate myself. (Lebni et al, 2020, p. 4) Another category of persons who experienced high levels of remorse were those who felt their actions contributed significantly to the initial burn incident and the subsequent scarring served as a reminder of those actions (Batool et al, 2022): I am responsible for scars. Second marriage is men's right; I should not have intervened.…”
Introduction:Post-burn scarring is often cosmetically unappealing and create discomfort. This makes it crucial to understand the experience of individuals living with scars which can offer insights into their recovery. This review sought to develop an in-depth understanding of living with post-burn scars.
Design:A systematic review and meta-ethnography approach were employed. We utilized an interpretive approach to inductively generate codes. These codes were examined iteratively using a constant comparison strategy following which they were re-interpreted to formulate themes which formed the basis of undertaking a narrative synthesis.Results: Twenty-five studies were retained. The analytical process yielded two themes: emergence of a new identity and living with the redefined self. The experience of living with scars is entwined with the initial trauma as the scars served as a permanent reminder of the injury. Emergence of a new identity involved a process of meaning making, mourning the loss of the old self, confronting the new self, reconciling the remains of the old self with the new, rebuilding a new identity, and navigating through functional restrictions. These processes were particularly challenging for persons involved in self-immolation. Positive coping and changing one's perspective emerged as strategies to facilitate living with the redefined self.
Conclusion:Living with scars is a challenging process which is more difficult for persons whose injuries are due to self-immolation (act of burning oneself). The findings highlight a latent yet ongoing process towards subjective recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of the processes and incorporate these into rehabilitation programmes.Clinical relevance: Burn survivors need ongoing professional support to adjust to and live with the scars. Victims of self-immolation should be considered for early psychosocial support.
“…The acid attack survivors, who were interviewed, reported that their social surrounding and support from their friends, family and their organization (Sheroes Hangout) where they worked, helped them in their physical and mental recovery from the after effects of the attack. In a research done on acid attack survivors, they found that family members provided support such as financial, emotional, physical and medico-legal support (Batool et al, 2020). The social support received by the survivors act as protection against the meta crimes against the victims.…”
Introduction: Acid attack is a heinous crime, where the victims face lifelong trauma, with disfigurement of face and other body parts. This study focused on studying the different ways through which acid attack survivors dealt with their circumstances by understanding their levels of resilience, life satisfaction and happiness.Method: Homogenous purposive sampling was used for the study. 30 survivors answered for the quantitative analysis of the three components, followed by interview of 10 of them who agreed to be part of the semi-structured interview.Results: In the quantitative analysis, it was found that there was a significant correlation between happiness and resilience. In the interview, four major themes emerged. The first theme was the ability to adapt, with sub-themes of personal belief system, adaptive memories of the past, belief in the just world and social support received from their family and friends. The second theme was life satisfaction which was derived by living in the moment and being hopeful. The third theme was that of happiness as an experience, which was subjective in nature and needed the reintegration of the past memories. The last was that of the experience of being a victim, which was driven by the memories of the attack.Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate how the survivors have adapted to their circumstances at hand, but have past memories of the attack. These findings can further help to generate insights on the kind of interventions needed for the rehabilitation of the survivors.
According to Acid Survivors Foundation (ASF), there are about 200 acid attacks every year in Pakistan, and there have been more incidents reported this year than last (Ahmad, S. 2022). Murder is regarded better than throwing acid (Mihaela B. I.
According to Acid Survivors Foundation (ASF), there are about 200 acid attacks every year in Pakistan, and there have been more incidents reported this year than last (Ahmad, S. 2022). Murder is regarded better than throwing acid (Mihaela B. I. 2015). Unfortunately, Pakistan is becoming more and more popular for hurling acid. A woman in Lahore was recently beaten with acid after rejecting a marriage proposal (Ashraf, S. 2017). South Punjab, a region known for its agriculture and as the "cotton belt," is where more than half of all acid-related crimes occur. This region has historically been plagued by low socioeconomic indicators, and it is also where acid is easily accessible in local markets and frequently used to clean cotton. According to an unbiased study, 9,340 people in Pakistan were victims of acid attacks between 1994 and 2018 (Wong, Y. 2021). Unless the government takes strong action to put an end to the evildoer, such attacks will continue to occur in the nation. According to the Acid Survivors Trust International, 80% of acid attack victims are women, putting acid attacks in the category of gender-based violence (J. G. 2019). Although attackers also target men, the problem primarily impacts women and is more likely to happen in societies where there is a strong gender division (Duggan, M. 2020). This way of life supports gender inequality and highlights the vulnerable status of women in Pakistani society, who frequently face attacks not just from outsiders but even from their own spouses and relatives.
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