This article examines the milieu of Hermann Rorschach's Psychodiagnostics (1921Psychodiagnostics ( /2021 under development between 1911 and his death in 1922 and explores new evidence about the direction Rorschach's test might have taken after publication of Psychodiagnostics. This includes direct and indirect influences from turn of the century K E Y W O R D S Hermann Rorschach, Ludwig Binswanger, psychiatry and philosophy, Rorschach historiography, swiss school of psychiatry 1 | INTRODUCTION This paper is written on the centenary of the publication of Hermann Rorschach's Psychodiagnostics (1921) and newly annotated 100th anniversary translation of Hermann Rorschach's Psychodiagnostics (Rorschach, 1921). The context of the paper is the recent English-translation and publication of the Rorschach-Binswanger correspondence in 1921-1922 and Ludwig's Binswanger's Comments on Hermann Rorschach's "Psychodiagnostics" (Acklin et al., 2021). Binswanger's Comments were initially presented to the Swiss Psychiatric Society in 1922, and later published in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis in 1923. 1 , 2 This previously untranslated material opens a window on the early development and direction of Rorschach's inkblot test before, at the time of, and following his sudden death in 1922.Hermann Rorschach (1884Rorschach ( -1922 was born in Zurich, the oldest of three siblings, and spent his formative years in Schaffhausen. He was the son of an art instructor and educated in Schaffhausen. His mother died when he was 13, and his father remarried his late wife's younger sister. He obtained his diploma, ranked 4th in his class, from the Kantonschule Schaffhausen, known for "its efficient and capable teaching staff and its high scholastic standing" (Ellenberger, 1957, p. 195). He attended the University of Zurich Medical School from 1904 to 1909, completing his studies and qualifying in 1910, including studies at Neuenberg, Berne, and Berlin (Akavia, 2013). While he was a medical student, he attended lectures by C. G. Jung (1875-1961) and E. Bleuler (1857-1939 in Zurich, and later authored his doctoral thesis on reflex hallucinations in 1912 under Bleuler's supervision. 3 In 1910, he married his wife, Olga, also a psychiatrist. Following his matriculation, he worked in cantonal asylums in Muensterlingen until 1913 where he started his inkblot studies, spent a year in Russia, came back to Waldau asylum in 1915, and was appointed to the 300-bed Herisau asylum. Following his medical studies at the University of Zurich, Rorschach started his experimentation with inkblots with adults and children at Muensterlingen in 1911 with a schoolteacher and close friend from Schaffhausen, Konrad Gehrig (Searls, 2017). He laid aside his inkblots experiments in 1913 to work on other projects. At the end of 1917, he resumed his inkblot studies; the result of this work was published in 1921 as Psychodiagnostics.He was described as a devoted father to his two children and a skillful toy maker, draftsman, and illustrator.Rorschach was a prolific ...