A phenomenological reinterpretation of Horner’s fear of success in terms of social class

Abstract

The current study developed the concept of fear of success that was originally examined by Martina Horner (1970; Journal of Social Issues, 28(2), 157-175, 1972). The key dimension in Horner's (1970; Journal of Social Issues, 28(2), 157-175, 1972) studies was gender. The key dimension in the current study was social class. It was hypothesised that individuals from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds fear that, for them, success will lead to alienation from their community, and the loss of identity and loss of overall sense of belonging within their culture. The majority of the previous studies were based in the USA and examined fear of success using objectivist conceptions of success and quantitative methodologies. Eleven participants took part in the current study, three males and eight females. Two-phase qualitative interviewing was employed as the primary source of data collection in an attempt to gain a deeper understanding of the constructions and experiences of the participants in relation to success. The majority of participants believed that they would have to make vast life changes, in order to facilitate their views of desired success. The participants' fear was rooted in what they perceived as the "consequences of success". These participants occupied a "trade-off mindset"; for these young people, success meant leaving their family, friends, community and culture behind. The thought of losing this "connection" and sense of belonging was expressed with noticeable anxiety.

Persistent cooperation and gender differences in repeated Prisoner's Dilemma games: Some things never change

“…In both the PD and Chicken games, the strategy that avoids any possibility of relative loss is the D strategy. This explanation is therefore consistent with the experimental evidence, and also with the finding that women are more frequently than men motivated to avoid (relative) failure rather than to seek success (Horner, 1972;Ivers & Downes, 2012).…”

Inhibition in the dissertation writing process: Barrier, block, and impasse.

“…Where culturally there is a strong orientation toward success—a conscious valuing of it—at the same time, there is a feeling of trepidation around its achievement, which is largely unconscious or only vaguely conscious/preconscious. Following Horner’s work, there has been some dispute between her notion of the fear of success, best understood as lying at a motivational level, and the findings of Levin and Crumrine (1975), among others, who suggested a more wide-scale, less gender-specific fear in this area, whereas others, including Ivers and Downes (2012), have reinterpreted Horner’s findings in relation to other factors, including social class.…”