This study investigates ‘acts of citizenship’ and forms of belonging among Jews within the medieval Holy Roman Empire. Positing that citizenship was not just a matter of official status, it looks at ‘acts of citizenship’, such as oath-taking and sealing practices, showing how these were integral elements in the relationship between an individual and the town in which they lived. I argue that both oath-taking and sealing practices, with their performative elements, are therefore valuable indicators of Jewish belonging in urban settings. Through this investigation, a deeper understanding of the multifaceted and ever-changing roles that Jews had and were able to obtain in the medieval Holy Roman Empire can be gained and, ultimately, also applied to other social groups.