A pho regulon promoter induced under sporulation conditions

Birkey, S. M.; Sun, Guofu; Piggot, Patrick J.; Hulett, F. Marion

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90045-0

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other Pho regulon genes show a similar dramatic reduction of expression in either phoP or phoR mutant strains (4,5,8,32), suggesting that PhoR is the sole sensor kinase which phosphorylates PhoP (response regulator) and that the phosphorylated PhoP activates the transcription of Pho regulon genes. The low constitutive activity of the pst promoter in a phoR mutant strain may result from phosphorylation of PhoP by other kinase proteins or small molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although the pst promoter has a poorly conserved A Ϫ10 region (4 of 6 bp) and Ϫ35 region (4 of 6 bp), it is a strong promoter compared to other Pho regulon promoters, i.e., phoA, phoB, and phoD (4,5,8). There is no consensus Pho box in the B. subtilis pst promoter, a common feature of Pho regulon genes in E. coli that consists of two 7-bp direct repeats of CTGTCAT separated by 4 bp (20) (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pst operon of Bacillus subtilis has a phosphate-regulated promoter and is involved in phosphate transport but not in regulation of the pho regulon

1997

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Genes from Bacillus subtilis predicted to encode a phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system were shown by mutation to affect high-affinity P i uptake but not arsenate resistance or phosphate (Pho) regulation. The transcription start of the promoter upstream of the pstS gene was defined by primer extension. The promoter contains structural features analogous to the Escherichia coli pst promoter but not sequence similarity. Expression from this promoter was induced >5,000-fold upon phosphate starvation and regulated by the PhoP-PhoR two-component regulatory system. These data indicate that the pst operon is involved in phosphate transport and is a member of the Pho regulon but is not involved in P i regulation.Escherichia coli has two major P i transport systems (24,29,30,35,44). The Pst (phosphate-specific transport) system is a high-affinity, low-velocity, free-P i transport system which is structurally similar to ABC transporters (3). The Pit (phosphate inorganic transport) system is a divalent metal transporter for which P i (40) or arsenate (48) can serve as the anion (39). Additionally, several organophosphate transport systems result in P i uptake in E. coli (42).Recently, the genes encoding proteins homologous to those of the E. coli pst gene products were cloned and sequenced in Bacillus subtilis (36). Five cistrons with homology to genes in the E. coli pst operon were named pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB1, and pstB2. A putative promoter sequence was located 5Ј of the pstS gene, and a potential rho-independent transcription terminator (⌬G ϭ Ϫ18.4 kcal/mol) was observed 3Ј of pstB2.The pst operon of E. coli and the proposed pst operon of B. subtilis encode proteins similar to ABC transporters (3, 45), which are composed of a binding protein (similar to PstS), two integral inner membrane proteins (similar to PstC and PstA), and an ATP binding protein (similar to PstB for E. coli or PstB1 and PstB2 for B. subtilis). The pstB2 gene is at the 3Ј end of the operon in the position of phoU in E. coli. PhoU, which has no similarity to ABC proteins, is not in the pst operon of B. subtilis.The first four genes in the pst operon of E. coli, i.e., pstS, pstC, pstA, and pstB, are required for phosphate transport; mutations in any of these genes abolish P i uptake (6,33,46) when the concentration of P i is low. The pst operon also has a role in the regulation of Pho regulon genes (1,43,46) in that phoU is required for the repression of the Pho regulon but is apparently not required for phosphate transport through the Pst system (25,34,50).E. coli genes induced by phosphate starvation and controlled by phoB-phoR constitute the Pho regulon (21,22,37,38,41). During P i limitation, PhoR (histidine kinase) turns on the Pho regulon genes by phosphorylating PhoB, a response regulator. The activated phoB in turn activates transcription by binding specifically to a DNA sequence of 18 nucleotides (the Pho box) (20), which is part of the promoter of each Pho regulon gene, including the pst operon.In B. subtilis, Pho regulon genes are exp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pst operon of Bacillus subtilis has a phosphate-regulated promoter and is involved in phosphate transport but not in regulation of the pho regulon

1997

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“…These genes are therefore unique in being phosphatestarvation-induced via PhoP-PhoR from a sporulationspecific σ E promoter or a promoter that requires the Phosphate-starvation regulation in B. subtilis product of a σ E -dependent gene. One other member of the Pho regulon, namely phoB, is known to be transcribed during sporulation, but in this case from a phosphate-starvation-independent, sporulation-specific promoter (Chesnut et al, 1991 ;Birkey et al, 1994) ; phoB is also transcribed by a separate, phosphatestarvation-inducible σ A promoter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory interactions between the Pho and σB-dependent general stress regulons of Bacillus subtilis

Prágai

Harwood

2002

Microbiology

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“…Our in vivo studies indicated that the expression of the pstS operon is regulated by both PhoP and PhoR. As was observed in the other Pho regulon genes, there was no promoter activity detected in a phoP mutant strain (Chesnut et al ., 1991; Birkey et al ., 1994; Eder et al ., 1996; Qi et al ., 1997). However, there is low‐level induction from the pstS promoter in a phoR mutant strain, an induction of ≈25% of the level of the parent strain (Qi et al ., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PhoP~P and RNA polymerase σ^A holoenzyme are sufficient for transcription of Pho regulon promoters in Bacillus subtilis: PhoP~P activator sites within the coding region stimulate transcription in vitro

Ying

Hulett

1998

Molecular Microbiology

134

112

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SummaryThe Bacillus subtilis pstS operon and phoA gene are members of the Pho regulon that is controlled by PhoR, a histidine kinase, and PhoP, a response regulator. Footprinting analysis showed that phosphorylated PhoP extended the PhoP protected region in pstS and phoA promoters, and also bound to a separate site within the coding region of each gene. Our previous in vivo studies have shown that, in contrast to other Pho regulon promoters that are not expressed in either phoP or phoR mutants, a low-level induction from the pstS promoter (25% of parent strain) can be detected in a phoR mutant. In this study, by using an in vitro transcription system, we demonstrate that (

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A pho regulon promoter induced under sporulation conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

The pst operon of Bacillus subtilis has a phosphate-regulated promoter and is involved in phosphate transport but not in regulation of the pho regulon

The pst operon of Bacillus subtilis has a phosphate-regulated promoter and is involved in phosphate transport but not in regulation of the pho regulon

Regulatory interactions between the Pho and σB-dependent general stress regulons of Bacillus subtilis

PhoP~P and RNA polymerase σ^A holoenzyme are sufficient for transcription of Pho regulon promoters in Bacillus subtilis: PhoP~P activator sites within the coding region stimulate transcription in vitro

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A pho regulon promoter induced under sporulation conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

The pst operon of Bacillus subtilis has a phosphate-regulated promoter and is involved in phosphate transport but not in regulation of the pho regulon

The pst operon of Bacillus subtilis has a phosphate-regulated promoter and is involved in phosphate transport but not in regulation of the pho regulon

Regulatory interactions between the Pho and σB-dependent general stress regulons of Bacillus subtilis

PhoP~P and RNA polymerase σA holoenzyme are sufficient for transcription of Pho regulon promoters in Bacillus subtilis: PhoP~P activator sites within the coding region stimulate transcription in vitro

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PhoP~P and RNA polymerase σ^A holoenzyme are sufficient for transcription of Pho regulon promoters in Bacillus subtilis: PhoP~P activator sites within the coding region stimulate transcription in vitro