Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to observe changes in the iron-ligand stretching frequency in photoproduct spectra of the proximal cavity mutant of myoglobin H93G. The measurements compare the deoxy ferrous state of the heme iron in H93G(L), where L is an exogenous imidazole ligand bound in the proximal cavity, to the photolyzed intermediate of H93G(L)*CO at 8 ns. There are significant differences in the frequencies of the iron-ligand axial out-of-plane mode m(Fe-L) in the photoproduct spectra depending on the nature of L for a series of methylsubstituted imidazoles. Further comparison was made with the proximal cavity mutant of myoglobin in the absence of exogenous ligand (H93G) and the photoproduct of the carbonmonoxy adduct of H93G (H93G-*CO). For this case, it has been shown that H 2 O is the axial (fifth) ligand to the heme iron in the deoxy form of H93G. The photoproduct of H93G-*CO is consistent with a transiently bound ligand proposed to be a histidine. The data presented here further substantiate the conclusion that a conformationally driven ligand switch exists in photolyzed H93G-*CO. The results suggest that ligand conformational changes in response to dynamic motions of the globin on the nanosecond and longer time scales are a general feature of the H93G proximal cavity mutant.Keywords: resonance Raman, heme, myoglobin, hemoglobin, ligand switch.Protein structural relaxation following heme photolysis has been studied in globins as a means to obtain information on structural intermediates following diatomic ligand photolysis. In hemoglobin (Hb), time-resolved spectroscopic studies have provided information on the time scale for transition from the six-coordinate R state to the fivecoordinate T-state [1][2][3]. The proximal cavity mutant of Hb has recently demonstrated the key role of the proximal histidine in the cooperativity of quaternary structure change in response to ligand binding [4]. Strain in the covalent bond to the heme iron of Hb can be monitored by following the shift in frequency of the iron-histidine axial mode, m(FeHis), by time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy [5]. In myoglobin (Mb), these studies have indicated a much smaller change in structure [6]: the observed frequency shift of the iron-histidine band is c. 1.6 cm )1 on the 8 ns time scale compared to 12 cm )1 in Hb. Nonetheless, this shift in the m(Fe-His) Raman band is significant because shifts in absorption bands (the time-dependent Soret band shift and band III shift) have been attributed to iron out-of-plane displacement that should also be coupled to m(Fe-His) [7][8][9][10]. A structural interpretation of these observable phenomena helps to bridge the gap between the extensive X-ray crystallography studies and the thermodynamic and kinetic data available for Mb [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].Histidine-ligated heme enzymes have a surprisingly large range of functions. In peroxidase, a charge relay due to hydrogen bonding of the imidazole ring of histidine permits the formation of high valent iro...