“…To address this concern, a number of templating approaches have been investigated, which use the fabricated polymer or silica structures as templates for backfilling of high-refractive-index inorganic materials, followed by removal of the template, resulting in inverse 3D inorganic or semiconducting PCs (see detailed discussion in section ). Meanwhile, PCs with tunable band gaps offer promise in applications that do not require complete PBGs, such as reflective displays, , chemical/biological and optical sensors, − optical shutters, and active filters and polarizers. − For this purpose, polymeric or silica structures can be utilized through surface functionalization or a templating method. For example, we can engineer or tune the band gap by infiltrating functional materials, such as metallic or magnetic nanoparticles, − liquid crystals, ,, and stimuli responsive gels. ,,,− Regardless of the fabrication/backfilling approaches, it is critical to control materials chemistry to create desired 3D structures with preferred materials properties, for example, high refractive index, high transmission at the wavelength of interest, wide tunability, and high thermal and mechanical stability.…”