A phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters of Boraginaceae: evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and patterns of character evolution

Cohen, James I.

doi:10.1111/cla.12036

Cited by 77 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Nevertheless, only one of three species of Afrotysonia is included in this study, and therefore the monophyly and relationships of the genus remain elusive. Cohen (2014) resolved Afrotysonia as a member of Heliotropiaceae, a result that would imply a radical morphological re-definition of the latter family. Since the morphology of Afrotysonia clearly falls within the typical circumscription of Boraginaceae, we regard the placement by Cohen (2014) as spurious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohen (2014) resolved Afrotysonia as a member of Heliotropiaceae, a result that would imply a radical morphological re-definition of the latter family. Since the morphology of Afrotysonia clearly falls within the typical circumscription of Boraginaceae, we regard the placement by Cohen (2014) as spurious. The Afrotysonia-Microula clade is sister to the Cryptantha-clade, within which the North American Andersonglossum and Adelinia (Cohen, 2015) are now resolved in a basal grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ex Oliv., Chionocharis I.M.Johnst., and Trigonocaryum Trautv. are among the problematic taxa that have already been analyzed with molecular data, and have been retrieved as members of the Cynoglosseae (Cohen, 2014). However, their placement was poorly supported in these trees.…”

Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera

Chacón

Luebert

Hilger

et al. 2016

TAXON

103

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Boraginaceae s.str. is a subcosmopolitan family of 1600 to 1700 species in around 90 genera, and recent phylogenetic studies indicate that the infrafamilial classification as currently used is highly obsolete. The present study addresses the relationships of the major clades in Boraginaceae s.str. with an emphasis on monophyly of, and relationships between previously recognized clades and the position of various unplaced genera such as Afrotysonia, Anoplocaryum, Brachybotrys, Chionocharis, Craniospermum, Thyrocarpus, and Trigonocaryum using three plastid markers and a taxon sampling with four outgroup and 170 ingroup species from 73 genera. The phylogeny shows high statistical support for most nodes on the backbone and within individual clades. Echiochileae are confirmed as sister to the remainder of Boraginaceae s.str., which, in turn, fall into two well‐supported clades, the Boragineae + Lithospermeae and the Cynoglosseae s.l. The latter is highly resolved and includes the Lasiocaryum‐clade (Chionocharis, Lasiocaryum, Microcaryum) and the Trichodesmeae (Caccinia, Trichodesma) as sister to the remainder of the group. Rochelieae (formerly the Eritrichieae s.str., also including Eritrichium, Hackelia, and Lappula) form a poorly supported polytomy together with the Mertensia‐clade (also including Anoplocaryum, Asperugo, and Memoremea) and the Omphalodes‐clade. The enigmatic genus Craniospermum (Craniospermeae) is sister to an expanded Myosotideae (also including Brachybotrys, Decalepidanthus, Trigonocaryum, and Trigonotis) and these two clades are in turn sister to the Core‐Cynoglosseae, in which Afrotysonia glochidiata and Thyrocarpus sampsonii are included. Core‐Cynoglosseae again fall into two pairs of well‐supported subclades. The majority of generic placements are now resolved satisfactorily and the remaining phylogenetic questions can be clearly delimited. Based on the extensive phylogenetic data now available we propose a new infrafamilial classification into three subfamilies and 11 tribes, representing a consensus among the participating authors, according to which major clades are renamed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera

Chacón

Luebert

Hilger

et al. 2016

TAXON

103

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“…(Boraginoideae), and the American Lithospermum spp. (Lithospermeae) based on the phylogenetic studies of Chacón et al (2016) and Cohen (2014) …”

Section: Divergence Times In Boraginaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intercontinental geographic disjunctions probably resulting from LDD events are observed in almost all Boraginaceae clades Weigend et al, 2016 and references therein). Interestingly, a wide range of biotic and abiotic dispersal modes, which may be related to the geographic distribution patterns of some clades (Cohen, 2014), are present in the family. The typical borage fruit consist of four mericarpids or nutlets that are dispersed separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic Events Are Not Correlated with Diaspore Dispersal Modes in Boraginaceae

2017

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Long-distance dispersal seems to be the main biogeographic event responsible for intriguing distribution patterns in plant groups in which sister taxa are separated by thousands of kilometers of distance across oceans and continents. The biotic and abiotic mechanisms behind such dispersal events are poorly understood and many attempts have been made to explain how plants can manage to disperse and survive these long journeys. The biogeographic history of Boraginaceae, a subcosmopolitan plant family with many disjunct clades, is here addressed and analyzed in the context of the different dispersal modes exhibited by the species. The lack of a clear pattern between the main dispersal events in Boraginaceae and the phylogenetic distribution of the dispersal modes indicates that no single dispersal mechanism can be associated with the events of dispersal in the family. Moreover, adaptations to different dispersal agents and unassisted dispersal modes in some clades might have promoted the diversification of Boraginaceae in various habitats across several continents. Our study reveals that long-distance dispersal is a very complex process that needs to be analyzed in the context of climatic and environmental changes and the response of plants and their dispersal vectors to these variable conditions.

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Being in the right place at the right time? Parallel diversification bursts favored by the persistence of ancient epizoochorous traits and hidden factors in Cynoglossoideae

Otero

Jiménez‐Mejías

Valcárcel

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Long-distance dispersal (LDD) syndromes, especially endozoochory, facilitate plant colonization of new territories that trigger diversification. However, few studies have analyzed how epizoochorous fruits influence both range distribution and diversification rates. We examined the evolutionary history of a hyperdiverse clade of Boraginaceae (subfamily Cynoglossoideae, eight tribes, ~60 genera, ~1100 species) and the evolution of fruit traits. We evaluated the evolutionary history of diaspore syndromes correlated with geographic distribution and diversification rates over time. METHODS:Plastid DNA regions and morphological traits associated with dispersal syndromes were analyzed for 71 genera (226 species). We employed trait-dependent diversification analysis (HiSSE) and biogeographic reconstruction (Lagrange) using a time-calibrated phylogeny. KEY RESULTS:Our results indicate that (1) the earliest divergence events in Cynoglossoideae occurred in the central-northeastern Palearctic during the Paleogene (early to middle Eocene); (2) an epizoochorous trait (specialized hooks named glochids) is ancestral and has been maintained long term; and (3) glochids are correlated with increased diversification rates in two distantly related clades (Rochelieae and Cynoglossinae). Rapid speciation occurred for these two groups in the same area (central-eastern Palearctic) and same period (Oligocene-Miocene: Rochelieae, 30.82-13.69 mya; Cynoglossinae, 33.10-15.21 mya). Lower diversification rates were inferred for the remaining four glochid-bearing clades. CONCLUSIONS: One more example of "biogeographic congruence" in angiosperms is supported by a shared geographic (central-northeastern Palearctic) and temporal (28.60-21.59 mya, late Oligocene) opportunity window for two main clades' diversification. Epizoochorous traits (fruit glochids) had an effect in higher diversification rates only with the joint effect of other unmeasured factors.

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A phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters of Boraginaceae: evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and patterns of character evolution

Cited by 77 publications

References 124 publications

The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera

The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera

Biogeographic Events Are Not Correlated with Diaspore Dispersal Modes in Boraginaceae

Being in the right place at the right time? Parallel diversification bursts favored by the persistence of ancient epizoochorous traits and hidden factors in Cynoglossoideae

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