A phylogenetic effect on strontium concentrations in angiosperms

Abstract

A Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure was used to compile Sr concentrations in 103 plant species from experiments with Sr concentrations in 66 plant species from the literature. There were 14 species in common between experiments and the literature. The REML procedure log e -transformed data and removed absolute differences in Sr concentrations arising from soil factors and exposure times to estimate mean relative Sr concentrations for 155 species. One hundred and forty-two species formed a group with a normal frequency distribution in mean relative Sr concentration. A nested hierarchical analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on the most recent molecular phylogeny of the angiosperms showed that plant species do not behave independently for Sr concentration but that there is a significant phylogenetic effect on mean relative Sr concentrations. Concentrations of Sr in non-Eudicots were significantly less than in Eudicots and there were significant effects on Sr concentrations in the dataset down the phylogenetic hierarchy to the family level. Of the orders in the dataset the Cucurbitales, Lamiales, Saxifragales and Ranunculales had particularly high Sr concentrations and the Liliales, Poales, Myrtales and Fabales particularly low Sr concentrations. Mean relative Sr concentrations in 60 plant species correlated with those reported elsewhere for Ca in the same species, and the frequency distribution and some phylogenetic effects on Sr concentration in plants were similar to those reported for Ca. This analysis of mean relative Sr concentrations in 155 plant species across the angiosperm phylogeny might be helpful for modelling 90 Sr in food chains, predicting radiological doses to flora, and selecting species for phytomonitoring and phytoremediation of 90 Sr.

Multivariate statistical analysis of nutrients and trace elements in plants and soil from northwestern Russia

“…Vinogradov (1953) was probably the first researcher to make such a conclusion, although at that time the level of analytical techniques used for determination of plant element concentrations was rather poor. Recently this finding was confirmed by other researchers (Shtangeeva 1994;Broadley et al 1999;Willey and Fawcett 2006).…”

“…3 Score plot of the first and third principal components of PCA of roots (a) and leaves (b) of couch-grass (1) and plantain (2) It is assumed that significant differences in element concentrations and relationships between elements found in roots and leaves of these plant species may be associated with differential active transport of ions (or metal-organic complexes) into the xylem of the plants. Analysis of recent literature shows that plants growing in the same place can take up major and minor nutrients to different concentrations and that element uptake by each species is regulated by the plant genotype (Willey and Fawcett 2006). Couchgrass and plantain belong to two classes (couch-grass is Monocotyledoneae, family Graminaceae and plantain is Dicotyledoneae, family Plantaginaceae).…”

The effects of plant traits and phylogeny on soil-to-plant transfer of 99Tc

“…Phylogenetic effects on 99 Tc uptake indicate that, in general, plants on the Monocot clades take up 99 Tc to lower concentrations than those on the Eudicot clades. This is also the case for Ca , 36 Cl (Willey and Fawcett, 2005), 137 Cs , 90 Sr (Willey and Fawcett, 2006a), 109 Ru (Willey and Fawcett, 2006b) and 60 Co (Willey and Wilkins, 2008), and seems to confirm a general pattern of low shoot concentration of many radioisotopes on the Monocot clades. This effect can be visualised if CF for species are plotted using APG II in linear order (Haston et al, 2007) (Fig.…”

“…The implications of advances in soil science and molecular biology to soil and intra-species effects have been reviewed (Bennett and Willey, 2003) but there have been few analyses of inter-species effects. A phylogenetic perspective has been useful to understanding inter-species effects in soil-to-plant transfer of inorganic contaminants including metals (Broadley et al, 2001), 137 Cs (Broadley et al, 1999;, 36 Cl (Willey and Fawcett, 2005), 90 Sr (Willey and Fawcett, 2006a), 109 Ru (Willey and Fawcett, 2006b), 35 S (Willey and Wilkins, 2006) and 60 Co (Willey and Wilkins, 2008), but has not yet been reported for 99 Tc. Such an analysis of inter-species effects on 99 Tc transfer could complement established knowledge of soil and intra-species effects on the soilto-plant transfer of 99 Tc and other radioisotopes.…”

A new approach to predicting environmental transfer of radionuclides to wildlife: A demonstration for freshwater fish and caesium

“…Soil-to-plant transfer of elements of radiological interest has been related to plant evolutionary history, or phylogeny, for Cs (Broadley et al, 1999;Willey et al, 2005), Sr (Willey and Fawcett, 2005a), Ru (Willey and Fawcett, 2006), Cl (Willey and Fawcett, 2005b), Co (Willey and Wilkins, 2008) and U (Willey, 2010). Such phylogenetic relationships present a potential approach to enable predictions of transfer, with some scientific justification, for taxonomic groups for which there are no data either at the generic or site-specific level (Willey, 2010).…”