A phylogenetic study of human respiratory syncytial viruses group A and B strains isolated in two cities in Japan from 1980–2002

Abstract

The circulation pattern and genetic evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Japan were examined based on 109 RSV field strains isolated over 20 seasons (1980-2002) in two cities, Sapporo and Tokyo. The second hypervariable region of the large glycoprotein (G) gene was amplified by RT-PCR and the products sequenced directly. The nucleotide sequences were compared to those representatives of RSV genotypes identified previously. Japanese group A and B isolates clustered into five and four genotypes defined previously, respectively. Another one group A and one group B genotypes, which could not be assigned to previous genotypes, were also identified. Although different genotypes usually co-circulated in each season, the isolates in proximate seasons from two communities were usually located in the same branches. Moreover, the strains with genotypes defined previously were usually isolated at the same time as each reference strain of Western countries. Several mutant group B strains with 1-20 longer amino acid G proteins were newly identified in Sapporo. These findings suggest that Japanese RSV strains underwent geographical and also temporal clustering while participating in RSV genetic evolution in a global setting. In addition, Japanese strains, especially group B, might have evolved individually in each community, sometimes changing the length of the G protein.

Natural History of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inferred from Phylogenetic Analysis of the Attachment (G) Glycoprotein with a 60-Nucleotide Duplication

“…Subsequently, G protein sequences with the same duplication were found in more recent clinical samples from distantly related places (25,32,42,43,57,58) (sequences from the Quebec samples are available in GenBank, accession number AY927401 [18]). We now report 47 additional samples, isolated in Buenos Aires between 1999 and 2004, that contain HRSV G sequences with the duplicated segment.…”

Replacement of Previously Circulating Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subtype B Strains with the BA Genotype in South Africa

“…A new BA genotype has been identified in Buenos Aires in 1999 that is characterized by a 60-nucleotide duplication starting after residue 791 of the G protein (36). Subsequently, strains with this duplication have been found in clinical specimens from distantly related places in the world (16,21,27,28,46,47), including Kenya in East Africa (28). This BA genotype was first detected in South Africa during the investigation of a nosocomial outbreak in Pretoria in 2006, which motivated us to reevaluate the current RSV molecular epidemiology in South Africa (40).…”

Molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Stockholm, 2002–2003

“…In all 12 patients, sequences from the sequential sampling were identical and no genetic variation in the N-terminal region of the G gene could be demonstrated during the phase of illness. International data from molecular epidemiological studies of RSV are derived from long-term studies with 100 or more isolates [Peret et al, 1998;Choi and Lee, 2000;Seki et al, 2001;Venter et al, 2001;Scott et al, 2004;Kuroiwa et al, 2005;Sato et al, 2005;Viegas and Mistchenko, 2005], from long-term studies with a more limited number if isolates [Cane et al, 1994;Garcia et al, 1994;Zambon et al, 2001;Venter et al, 2002;Frabasile et al, 2003;Rafiefard et al, 2004;Galiano et al, 2005;Parveen et al, 2006], and also from shortterm studies like this one from Stockholm [Peret et al, 2000;Moura et al, 2004]. This study provides data from a complete season.…”

“…The epidemiology and the genetic diversity of RSV have been studied in many parts of the world, among them, the Gambia [Cane et al, 1999], Korea [Choi and Lee, 2000], Uruguay and Argentina [Frabasile et al, 2003], Argentina [Galiano et al, 2005], Japan [Kuroiwa et al, 2005;Sato et al, 2005], South Africa [Venter et al, 2001;Venter et al, 2002;Madhi et al, 2003], Brazil [Moura et al, 2004], India [Parveen et al, 2006], USA [Peret et al, 1998;Peret et al, 2000], Kenya [Scott et al, 2004], Great Britain [Zambon et al, 2001], and Belgium [Zlateva et al, 2005]. At least three studies from Europe have been published during the past decade.…”

“…DOI 10.1002/jmv [Scott et al, 2004] 100 % 0 % 98 % 2 % 39 % 61 % Japan [Sato et al, 2005] 94 % 6 % 17 % 83 % 84 % 16 % Sweden ND* 35 % 65 % ND* *ND ¼ not done. geographic clustering has been described [Peret et al, 1998[Peret et al, , 2000Choi and Lee, 2000;Scott et al, 2004;Kuroiwa et al, 2005;Viegas and Mistchenko, 2005]. Local factors in the community, such as immunity among the population may have the greatest influence on the molecular epidemiology of RSV [Peret et al, 1998[Peret et al, , 2000Cane, 2001].…”